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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *paIl
Meaning: asp
Akusha: paIlpaIlag
Comments: The Ak. stem is reduplicated and has a velar suffix (cf. the Nakh form). The simple form is preserved in Tsud. paIl id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *pħīlV (~-ʕ-,-ɫ-,-ɨ̄-)
Meaning: a k. of foliage tree
Notes: An irregular voicing *p- > b- in Western languages should be probably explained by the initial cluster *pħ- or *pʕ-.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-cez,caucet-darg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *b(ɦ)ōl-ik (~-ʕ-)
Meaning: grove
Chechen: bȫlak
Comments: Isolated in Chech., but having probable external parallels (cf. even a similar suffix formation in Chech. and Darg.).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *bɨle (~-i-)
Meaning: 1 poplar 2 ash-tree 3 asp
Tsezi: beIli 1,2
Ginukh: bele 1
Khvarshi: bel (Radzhibov)
Inkhokvari: buIle 3
Comments: PTsKh *bɨIRe.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *pħǝ̄́ɫV̄
Meaning: a k. of tree
Comments and references : NSC 61 *pHVɫV, WFR 36, LDC 25. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *bhū[l] (~-ɨ̄-)
Meaning: root, trunk
Tibetan: sbun, spun stalk of a plant.
Burmese: LB *s-pVn root
Kachin: phun3 tree, bush, a stalk.
Lushai: bul, KC *bul root.
Comments: BG: Garo bor (Burling), Dimasa bon , Bodo bon firewood; Andro phol; Moshang pūl; Namsangia pan. Sh. 393, 428; Ben. 166. Cf. PAN *bua'l 'uproot a tree'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 本
Modern (Beijing) reading: běn
Preclassic Old Chinese: pǝ̄rʔ
Classic Old Chinese: pǝ̄́n
Western Han Chinese: pǝ̄́n
Eastern Han Chinese: pǝ̄́n
Early Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄́n
Middle Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄́n
Late Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄́n
Middle Chinese: pón
English meaning : root
Russian meaning[s]: 1) корень; ствол; основа; основной, коренной, главный; в основном, в сущности; 2) исток, начало; первоначально, в истоке; 3) данный, настоящий; подлинный; текущий, этот; 4) мой, наш; 5) капитал, основной капитал; 6) корешок (переплета), том; счетный суффикс книг; 7) стар. докладная записка
Comments: Viet. also has a colloquial loan: vốn 'capital, funds, principal'.
Radical: 75
Four-angle index: 5292
Karlgren code: 0440 a
Vietnamese reading: ba`n
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 180
Character: 本
MC description : 臻合一上混幫
ZIHUI: 2609 2027
Beijing: pǝn 2
Jinan: pẽ 2
Xi'an: pẽ 2
Taiyuan: pǝŋ 2
Hankou: pǝn 2
Chengdu: pǝn 2
Yangzhou: pǝn 2
Suzhou: pǝn 2
Wenzhou: paŋ 21
Changsha: pǝn 2
Shuangfeng: pin 2
Nanchang: pǝn 2
Meixian: pun 2
Guangzhou: pun 21
Xiamen: pun 2
Chaozhou: puŋ 21
Fuzhou: puɔŋ 2
Shanghai: pǝŋ 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: pan 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔɨpVl
Meaning: asp tree
Ket: ɨ:ĺ / ɨ̄ĺ, pl. ɨ:ĺn3
Yug: ɨfɨl5,6, pl. -ɨŋ5
Kottish: īpal, pl. īpatn
Comments: ССЕ 196. Werner 2, 434 *ɨphǝl.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *phel-c, *phal-c
Meaning: 1 a small tree with edible berries 2 a k. of tree
Yasin: phalc 2 ("große Pappelart")
Hunza: phelc 1, phalc 2
Nagar: phḗlc 1, phalc 2
Comments: Sh. phḗs ?; Sh. phálca `Pappelart'
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *es-pel
Meaning: 1 box (tree) 2 broom (implement)
Bizkaian: ezpel 1
Gipuzkoan: ezpel 1
High Navarrese: ezpel 1
Low Navarrese: ezpel 1
Salazarese: ezpel 2
Lapurdian: ezpel 1
Zuberoan: ezpel 1
Roncalese: ezpel 2
Comments: Cf. PNC *pħīlV 'a kind of foliage [deciduous] tree' (asp, poplar). The first element *es- seems to be a reduced form of Bsq *haice 'tree' (q.v.), cf. also *es-kur̄ 'acorn, beechnut'. Brooms were sometimes made from box twigs. Azkue cites the Pyrenean words ezpelezko ezpela ‘broom made from box’, otakezpela ‘broom made from gorse’, txiniztezpel ‘broom made from juniper’, etc.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVLV
Meaning : leaf tree
Afroasiatic : ? Akk. bulaʔu 'firewood', Irq paʔal-mo 'board' (ND 1724)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṗVlV
Meaning: leaf tree
References: МССНЯ 369; ND 1724 *P_uĺ/ḷ(V)ʔV 'tree (poplar or sim.)' (+ dub. Sem. and Drav.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *pelew- (Gr pt-)
Meaning: a k. of leaf-bearing tree
Other Iranian: Osset farwe, fǝrer `Erle'
Old Greek: pteléǟ, epid. peléā f. `Ulme, Rüster'
Russ. meaning: дерево (лиственное)
References: WP II 84 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *filwō
Meaning: willow
Old High German: fël(a)wa `Weide'
Middle High German: vëlwe wk./st. f., wk. m., vëlwer, vëlber st. m. 'weidenbaum; geflecht aus weiden zum fischgang'
German: { Felbel }
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *p`i̯ula
Meaning: ash tree
Russian meaning: ясень
Comments: EAS 55, KW 448, Цинциус 1984, 54, Rozycki 81. Despite Doerfer MT 23, TM cannot be borrowed from Mong. In Turkic cf. Bashk. jɨla `ash-tree' - although attested only in Bashkir, a perfect semantic and phonetic match for this root. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *hulija-sun
Meaning: ash tree, poplar, aspen
Russian meaning: ясень, тополь, осина
Written Mongolian: ulijasu(n) (L 873) Khalkha: ulijas(an)
Buriat: uĺāha(n)
Kalmuck: ulāsṇ
Ordos: ulāsu
Dongxian: xulasun
Dagur: olēs ( < lit.), xolordan mōd
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pula
Meaning: ash tree, asp tree, poplar
Russian meaning: ясень, осина, тополь
Evenki: hula
Even: hụl
Negidal: xol
Literary Manchu: fulχa
Jurchen: fulto 'каштан' (121)
Ulcha: pụlị
Orok: pụlụ
Nanai: polo
Oroch: xulu
Udighe: xulu
Solon: ụlụ
Comments: ТМС 2, 342-343. Evk. hula, hologdan > Dag. xolordan (Тод. Даг. 177). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pari
Meaning: black alder
Russian meaning: японская ольха
Old Japanese: pari
Tokyo: han-no-ki
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-tok,japet-comments,
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