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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *raq̇I-
Meaning: sheep's dung
Chiragh: raq̇Iraq̇I-an
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *q̇ä̆rē
Meaning: earth; dirt
Proto-West Caucasian: *q̇́ǝ Notes: The Darg. form is metathesized (and it is a recent metathesis, because old *r- > Darg. d-); otherwise correspondences are regular, and it seems safe to reconstruct the root for PNC.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ʔā-q̇arV
Meaning: somewhat elevated plain
Chechen: āq̇ari
Comments: The stem is attested only in Chech. and is probably an old compound (for the first part, ʔā-, cf. PN *ʔārV 'plain, field'; thus āq̇ari < *ʔār-q̇arV).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *q̇VrV
Meaning: turf, peat
Avar: ʕéri
Comments: Av. paradigm C ~ B (gen. ʕerú-l).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: q̇iri
Meaning: earth, land
Lak form: q̇iri
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *q̇ära
Meaning: 1 dirt 2 river-bed 3 swamp, marsh 3 diarrhea
Lezghian: q̇er 2, q̇uruš 1
Tabasaran: q̇ir 2,3, q̇uruš 1
Agul: q̇Iir 3, q̇Iaruš 1
Rutul: q̇ɨrɨš 1 (Khniukh.)
Kryz: q̇iriš 2, q̇iriq̇ 3
Budukh: q̇iriq̇ 3
Comment: The original paradigm can be reconstructed as *q̇ära, obl. *q̇irä- (cf. Lezg. q̇ere-, Ag. q̇Iira-, Bursh. q̇ir, q̇iri-). The root is frequently accompanied by the expressive suffix *-uš (*q̇äruš), or reduplicated. The Lezg. (or some Shakhdagh dialectal) form was borrowed in Khin. q̇arɨš 'swamp, marsh'.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *q̇́ǝ
Meaning: 1 dung, faeces 2 bad 3 to get dirty
Abkhaz: a-q̇́ǝ́ 1
Abaza: q̇́ǝ 1
Adyghe: ʡā-ja 2
Kabardian: ʡe-j 2
Ubykh: q̇́ǝ-c̣ʷǝ- 3
Comments: PAT *q̇́ǝ; PAK *ʡa-jV́. Ub. has a compound with *c̣ʷV "dirt" q.v. Unacceptable is Dumézil's (Dumézil 1963) etymology of the PAK form as "hand" + "bad". The PAK form is rather a compound analogous to Ub., and the component ʡa here has nothing to do either with PAK *ʡa-c̣ʷǝ "sweet" or with PAK *ʡa "hand". PAK *ʡ regularly goes back to PWC *q̇́.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *q̇ä̆rḗ ( ~ *xq̇-)
Meaning: earth, dirt
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *rij (k-)
Meaning: dirt
Tibetan: dri filth, dirt, odor.
Burmese: krijh be dirty, filthy.
Kachin: khǝgrui3 dirt.
Lushai: KC *kri.
Lepcha: mă-ri dirt
Comments: Kanauri kri; Bahing ri, ǝri odor, ri-ku filth. Sh. 46, 132; Ben. 115. If OC 霾 *m_rǝ̄ 'dust storm' is related (cf. Lepcha mă-ri), the reconstructed form could be *riǝ̄.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 霾
Modern (Beijing) reading: mái
Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)rǝ̄
Classic Old Chinese: m(h)rǝ̄
Western Han Chinese: m(h)rǝ̄
Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)rǝ̄
Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ǝ̣̄
Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)iǝ̣̄
Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)iǝ̣̄j
Middle Chinese: mạ̈j
English meaning : (perhaps:) dust storm
Russian meaning[s]: пыльный вихрь, мгла
Radical: 173
Four-angle index: 434
Shijing occurrences: 30.2_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-shijing,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVRV
Meaning : dung, mud
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳorV
Meaning: mud, dung
References: ND 1178 *Ḳor[g/k]U 'dirt, dung' (w/o Ur.) nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`ṑrV ( ~ -ŕ-)
Meaning: dung, excrements
Russian meaning: навоз
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *korgul
Meaning: excrements (of sheep, camels)
Russian meaning: помет (овец, верблюдов)
Written Mongolian: qorɣul, qorɣal, qorɣusun (L 965) Middle Mongolian: qorgosun (SH) Khalkha: xorgol
Buriat: xorgōl, xorgōho(n), xorgōdoho(n)
Ordos: xorGol
Baoan: gugušɨ
Shary-Yoghur: χorgol
Monguor: xorGōʒǝ (SM 172), xurGōsǝ monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-bao,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xōri-kta
Meaning: excrements (of deer)
Russian meaning: помет (оленей)
Evenki: ōrikta
Even: ōrịt
Orok: xorịqta
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-ork,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kǝrɨm
Meaning: dung
Russian meaning: навоз, удобрения
Modern Korean: kǝrɨm
Comments: KED 82 (derivation from kǝ̄l- 'fertile' is irregular and probably folk-etymological). koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 423
Proto: *kura
English meaning: mud
German meaning: Schmutz
Finnish: kura
Khanty (Ostyak): kōr
Mansi (Vogul): kårgɨ̄
Sammalahti's version: *kura
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-samm2,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kor- (*-u-)
Meaning : mud
Proto-South Dravidian: *kUr- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *kUr-
Meaning : mud
Malayalam : kuraññi
Malayalam meaning : mire, mud, fine clay
Number in DED : 2123
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *kor[ä]
Meaning : mud
Kota : kor "manure, filth, mud"
Toda : kwar
Number in DED : 2123
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḳuʕar-
Meaning: pour, urine
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 713
Proto-Semitic: *ḳVʕar-
Meaning: 'pour'
Arabic: qʕr a,1
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *ḳur-
Meaning: urine
Hausa: ḳuŕā́
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *kuray-
Meaning: 'urine'
Margi: kuray
Mandara=Wandala: kùrè
Malgwa: kùrè
Glavda: kuriyà
Mafa=Matakam: kur~ay
Buduma=Yedina: kɔ́rai
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mrg,cchet-mnd,cchet-zgh,cchet-glv,cchet-mtk,cchet-bud,
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