Dargwa etymology : List with all references

Proto-Dargwa: *k:ʷac:a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mare

Akusha: gaza

Chiragh: k:ʷac:a

Comments: Cf. also Ur. gʷaza, Kub. k:ʷac:a. Darg. > Lak. k:ac:a (Khosr. k:ʷac:a) 'mare', Arch. gʷac:i id.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *gwāʒ́ē

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mare; donkey

Proto-Tsezian: *šɨgʷǝ (~ š:-,-i-)

Proto-Dargwa: *k:ʷac:a

Proto-West Caucasian: *k:ʷǝč́:ǝ /*č́:ǝk:ʷǝ

Notes: A probable common NC etymon, denoting some domestic equid. (Trubetzkoy's comparison - see Trubetzkoy 1930, 277 - of EC forms with PAK *bzǝ 'female' should be rejected for phonetic reasons).

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *šɨgʷǝ (~ š:-,-i-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mare

Ginukh: šegʷe

Bezhta: šugo

Gunzib: šugu

Comments: PTsKh *šigʷǝ (~-ɨ-). The same root can be probably discovered also, with irregular transformations, in Tsez. širšaʁIu 'horses (collect.)', probably going back to *šigʷ(V)-sirjo "mare+stallion" (cf. the same compound in Gunz. šugu-sǝrjo, Bezht. Tl. šügö-sojra).

PGB *šugu.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *k:ʷǝč́:ǝ /*č́:ǝk:ʷǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 mule 2 donkey

Abkhaz: a-gʷǝ́ž́ 1

Ubykh: č́ǝgʷǝ́ 2

Comments: There are several competing forms in Ub. (see Vogt 1963, 98): cǝgʷǝ́, čǝ́gʷ, č́ǝgʷǝ́ (also listed is čǝdǝ́ which is a quite separate root). The form č́ǝgʷǝ́ corresponds best to Abkh. a-gʷǝ́ž́ (if we assume a rather common metathesis). In PWC we must reconstruct *č́: and either *gʷ or *k:ʷ.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *gwāʒ́ē

Meaning: horse, mare

North Caucasian: *gwāʒ́ē

Sino-Tibetan: Tib. r-god `mare'.

Yenisseian: *kuʔs

Burushaski: *gus

Comments and references : HGC 28. Regular except for -ʔ- in PY.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *kuʔs

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: horse

Ket: kuʔś, pl. kuśn⁵ "cow"

Yug: kuʔs, pl. kusn⁵ "horse"; kujgit⁶ 'foal'

Kottish: huš, pl. hučan; guš (Бол.); асс. penguš (М., Сл., Кл.), pen-kuš (Кл.) "mare"; huš (М., Сл., Кл.), hɨš (Кл.) "steed"

Arin: kus (Стр.) "steed"; qus (М., Сл., Кл.) id.; quše (М., Сл., Кл.) "mare"; pinü-kuče (Лоск.) "mare"

Pumpokol: kut (Сл.) "steed, mare", (Сл., Кл.) "horse"; kus (Кл.) "horse" [=Yug]

Comments: ССЕ 240. Kott. hučaŋa, Ass. (М., Сл., Кл.) xučáŋ, (Кл.) hučanu 'bridle' looks a certain derivative from the above root. But the Ket and Arin parallels raise complications: cf. South. Imb. kuvaŋ⁶, pl. ku:ndaŋɨn³ 'bridle', Ar. (М., Сл., Кл.) qónda id. Perhaps we are dealing with a suffixed form or compound like *kuʔs-baŋ with a specific development of the Inlaut cluster? Cf. also PA *kadu-bV- 'bridle'? In any case, Werner's explanation as kūp 'end, tip' + aŋ 'string' (1, 456) does not explain the Arin form. Werner 1, 457 <*kuʔt / *kuʔs>.