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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *šinq̇Ia ( ~ š:-)
Meaning: ink
Akusha: šinq̇Ia
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *śwänq̇_ī
Meaning: gum, ink
Notes: An interesting common NC term. It had obviously signified some dying stuff for ornament (in WC the meaning shifted to the ornament itself - whence 'letter, document'). Phonetically the correspondence is quite satisfactory; perhaps, however, we should reconstruct *śämq̇_ī with shift of labialisation in PWC (*śämq̇_ī > *śwänq̇_ī > *š́ʷǝq́I:a) rather than suppose loss of labialisation in PEC (all EC form point to PEC *śänq̇_ī). Of course, Abdullayev's treatment of the Darg. form as šin 'water' + q̇Ia 'roasted grain' (see Shagirov 2,136) should be considered as folk etymology. The root has interesting parallels, particularly, in Semitic: Arab. summāq 'Rhus coriaria L.', a plant used for dying into black). From Arabic it penetrated into Persian (summāk), then through Turkic (Tat. sumax etc.) - into Ossetian s(y)mäg 'iron vitriol', and from Ossetian - into Georg. dial. smagai id. The Semitic word was spread also in European languages (Engl. sumac, Russ. сумах etc.). See Abayev 3, 198-99, Starostin 1985, 91.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *s:Vnq̇:V
Meaning: gum (added to ink for lustre)
Avar: s:anq̇:
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: š:iq̇:i
Meaning: ink
Lak form: š:iq̇:i
Comments: The Old Lak. form *š:aq̇i was probably borrowed in Avar as šaq̇:i 'ink'. The Avar form penetrated into Nakh languages (Chech. šēq̇a, Ing. šäq̇a), whence it came to Kab. šāq:a 'ink'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *šVq̇aq̇ ( ~ š:-)
Meaning: gum
Lezghian: šq̇aq̇
Tabasaran: šq̇aq̇
Comment: An interesting form with a partial reduplication. The narrow vowel of the first weak syllable is reduced both in Lezg. and Tab.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *š́ʷǝq́I:a
Meaning: letter, document; book
Abkhaz: a-š̌q̇ǝ́
Abaza: šʷʡa
Ubykh: šʷǝq̇á
Comments: PAT *šʷǝʡV (cf. also Bzyb. a-š̌q̇ǝ́).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *św[ä́]mxq̇ī
Meaning: paint, ink; gum
Comments and references : HGC 33, NSC 61 *śwVnq̇V, LV B28. Shortness in Ket śuk probably signifies -ʔ- (otherwise *śūk would be recorded). sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *mǝ̄ŋ / *mǝ̄k (s-)
Meaning: ink
Tibetan: snag ink, Indian ink.
Burmese: hmaŋ ink.
Kachin: (H) mak dye, colouring, used in tattooing.
Comments: Tibetan snag is probably due to influence of nag 'black'; Luce 75.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 墨
Modern (Beijing) reading: mò
Preclassic Old Chinese: mǝ̄k
Classic Old Chinese: mǝ̄k
Western Han Chinese: mǝ̄k
Eastern Han Chinese: mǝ̄k
Early Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄k
Middle Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄k
Late Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄k
Middle Chinese: mʌk
English meaning : black-branding
Russian meaning[s]: 1) тушь; чернила; 2) темный; черный; 3) сокр. Мексика; мексиканский; 4) Моцзы
Comments: A somewhat later attested (but probably original) meaning of the word is 'ink, black gum, sepia'. For *m- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou bak8, Fuzhou möuk8, Jianou mɛ8.
Radical: 32
Four-angle index: 248
Karlgren code: 0904 c
Vietnamese reading: mụ'c
Jianchuan Bai: mɨ6
Dali Bai: mɨ6
Bijiang Bai: mɨ2
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 2132
Character: 墨
MC description : 曾開一入德明
ZIHUI: 1075 0245
Beijing: mo 3
Jinan: mei 3
Xi'an: mei 12
Taiyuan: miǝʔ 41
Hankou: mô 12
Chengdu: me 12
Yangzhou: mɔʔ 4
Suzhou: môʔ 42
Wenzhou: mai 42
Changsha: mô 4
Shuangfeng: miɛ 31
Nanchang: mɛt 41
Meixian: mɛt 42
Guangzhou: mak 42
Xiamen: bîk 42 (lit.); bak 42
Chaozhou: bak 42
Fuzhou: möyʔ 42
Shanghai: môʔ 42
Zhongyuan yinyun: mei 43
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *suK
Meaning: dye, paint
Ket: śuk
Kottish:
Comments: ССЕ 277. Werner 2, 212.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *śukór / *ṣuqór
Meaning: 1 red-brown, reddish-brown 2 local soap in a degree of preparation with this colour 3 local soap prepared of plant ashes and fat
Yasin: iṣqór 1, 2
Hunza: śukór 3
Nagar: śukór 3
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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