Chinese characters :

Character: 弋

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łǝk

Classic Old Chinese: Łǝk

Western Han Chinese: lǝk

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝk

Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jɨk

Late Postclassic Chinese: jɨk

Middle Chinese: jik

English meaning : to shoot with stringed arrow; clan name

Russian meaning[s]: 1) стрелять привязной стрелой; 2) добыть, захватить; 3) черный; 4) И (фамилия)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 56

Four-angle index: 6716

Karlgren code: 0918 a-b

Shijing occurrences: 48.2_

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *dVʔG-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: eagle

Ket: diʔ, pl. di:n / diɣin⁵

Yug: diʔ, pl. dinɨŋ⁵

Kottish: tagé, *take, g. tagá, pl. takŋ

Comments: ССЕ 225. Werner 1, 192 <*degǝ / *digǝ>.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : LVKV

Meaning : a k. of bird

Eurasiatic : *HalVḳV

Afroasiatic : *laḳ-

Sino-Caucasian : *ɫHḗqwĂ

Austric : PAA *kǝla:ŋ, MY *kla:ŋ 'bird of prey'

Notes : AA may be < ST.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *HalVḳV

Meaning: a k. of bird

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *alk(')- / *alk('-)

Altaic: *lak`[a]

References: Suggested by V. Glumov.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *alk(')- / *alk('-)

Meaning: a k. of waterfowl, kingfisher

Old Greek: alküṓn (/ halküṓn), -ónos f. `Meereisvogel, Alcedo ispida'

Germanic: *álx-(i)ō f., *ilg=́

Latin: alcēdō, gen. -inis f. `Eisvogel'

Russ. meaning: птица (водяная), зимородок

References: WP I 155

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *álx(i)ō, *ilg=́

Meaning: a bird

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: NIsl hāv-ella `Fuligula glacialis'

Norwegian: dial. hav-al, -ella `Fuligula glacialis', iwiss-elg, birch-ilge

Swedish: dial. ala, alla, alle, all, ala, al `Fuligula glacialis (глупыш)' (> Fin allo)

German: schweiz. wiss-elg, birch-ilge

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *lak`[a]

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of bird

Russian meaning: вид птицы

Turkic: *jakɨl-

Mongolian: *lag

Tungus-Manchu: *lakun

Korean: *nokočiri

Comments: The root probably denoted a small field bird (grouse or hazel-hen); the meaning `hawk' in the Turkic derivative is obviously < `the one hunting grouses'. The reconstruction of Auslaut presents some problems: the Kor. form presupposes something like *lak`u, in which case we would expect *-x- in TM. One wonders if Kor. nokočiri is not in fact one of Mongolian loanwords (since a hazel-hen, grouse or lark are good prey for a falcon, it may have been borrowed together with other falcon-hunt words); a form like *nugtɨrū (cf. WMong. nuɣturuu) could have been easily borrowed like *nugutiru > nokočiri. If this is the case, the word will be a Western isogloss, with a most plausible reconstruction *laku.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *jakɨl-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of small hawk

Russian meaning: вид небольшого ястреба

Tatar: jaɣɨlbaj

Middle Turkic: jaɣlabaj (Ettuhf.)

Khakassian: čaɣɨlbaj

Oyrat: jaŋalbaj 'siskin'

Kirghiz: ǯaɣalmaj

Kazakh: žaɣaltaj

Bashkir: jaɣɨlbaj

Comments: VEWT 186, ЭСТЯ 4, 10-11.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *lag-(turaɣu)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hazel-hen, grouse

Russian meaning: куропатка, рябчик

Written Mongolian: nuɣturuu (L 594)

Middle Mongolian: lax (HY 15)

Khalkha: nogtrū

Monguor: loGtor (SM 225)

Comments: Modern languages reflect a compound *lag-turaɣu (with *turaɣu `raven, crow'). Mong. > Manchu nuturu 'sand grouse (Syrrhaptes paradoxus)' (see Rozycki 165).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *lakun

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hen 2 wild duck

Russian meaning: 1 курица 2 чирок (дикая утка)

Negidal: naxụn 1

Literary Manchu: luxu 2

Ulcha: nakụ(n) 1

Orok: naqqụ(n) 1

Oroch: naku 1

Udighe: na`u (Корм. 266) 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 509, 579.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *nokočiri

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: field lark

Russian meaning: полевой жаворонок

Modern Korean: nogoǯiri (arch.)

Middle Korean: nokočiri

Comments: Nam 110, KED 338.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *laḳ-

Meaning: kite

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *laḳ(w)- 'she-kite, female eagle'

Western Chadic: *lVwVḳ- 'vulture'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1795

Proto-Semitic: *laḳ(w)-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'she-kite, female eagle'

Ugaritic: lqh

Arabic: laqw-at

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *lVwVḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'vulture'

Mupun: lóok [FrM]

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *laŋ

Meaning: a k. of bird

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *la:ŋ

Austroasiatic meaning: bird of prey

Miao-Yao parallels: *kla:ŋ.B

Proto-Thai: la:ŋ.A

Thai meaning: k. o. bird

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *la:ŋ

Meaning: bird of prey

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Presyllable: kǝ-

Thai: la:ŋ.A k. o. bird CK

Proto-Katuic: *la:ŋ

Proto-Bahnaric: *la:ŋ

Khmer: khle:ŋ < OK khleŋ

Proto-Pearic: *la:ŋ.C

Proto-Vietic: *la:ŋʔ, k-

Proto-Monic: *liŋ-liǝŋ

Proto-Palaungic: *la:ŋ

Proto-Khmu: *la:ŋ

Khasi: khlieŋ hawk

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *la:ŋ

Meaning: hawk

Presyllable: kǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *la:ŋ

Proto-East Katuic: *la:ŋ

References: P-367; TK2.105

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic: *la:ŋ

Meaning: hawk

Presyllable: kǝ-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru Van Keu: kala:ŋ

Bru Van Keu meaning: hawk, eagle

So: kala:ŋ.N

So meaning: hawk

Bru: kla:ŋ.N

Bru meaning: a hawk

Sou: kala:ŋ

Kui: kla:ŋ.N

Kui meaning: hawk

Kuay: kla:ŋ.N

Kuay meaning: hawk

Ngeu: kǝla:ŋ.N

Ngeu meaning: hawk

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *la:ŋ

Meaning: hawk

Presyllable: kǝ-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: kla:ŋ

Pakoh meaning: hawk

Taojh: kala:ŋ

Taojh meaning: hawk (PT-144)

Lao Katu: kla:ŋ

Lao Katu meaning: eagle

Ngeq: kala:ŋ

Ngeq meaning: buzzard

Chatong: kala:ŋ

Kantu dialects: kaʔla:ŋ

Triw: kala:ŋ

Dakkan dialects (1): kala:ŋ

Dakkan dialects (2): kǝla:ŋ

Dakkan meaning: owl

Katu dialects (1): kla:ŋ

Katu meaning: eagle

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ

Meaning: cross

Presyllable: cǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-South Bahnaric: STI chlɔ:ŋ < KMR

Proto-West Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ, kǝ-

Proto-Northwest-Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ, cǝ-

Harak: cǝlɔ:ŋ to cross (A)

South Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-South Bahnaric:

Meaning: to cross

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Stieng form: chlɔ:ŋ

Stieng meaning: to cross

West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-West- Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ, kǝ-

Meaning: to cross

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Nhaheung form: llɔ:ŋ da:k (D)

Nhaheung meaning: to cross stream

Brao form: klâ:ŋ

Brao meaning: to cross

References: JS-469

North-West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-West- Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ, cǝ-

Meaning: opening, pass

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Tariang: calɔ:ŋ

Kaseng: ʔǝlɔ:ŋ

References: TB1.13

Harak etymology :

Proto-Harak: *lɔ:ŋ, cǝ-

Meaning: opening, pass

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Alak: cǝlɔ:ŋ to cross

References: TB1.13

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: khle:ŋ

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Old Khmer: khleŋ

Old Khmer Meaning: kite

References: P129

Pearic etymology :

Proto-Pearic: *la:ŋ.C

Meaning: hawk

Presyllable: khǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Song: khla:ŋ.B kǝlɔ:.A

Song meaning: hawk

Kasong: khla:ŋ.B

Kasong meaning: hawk

Samre: khla:ŋ.C

Samre meaning: hawk

Suoi Kompong: stiǝń

Viet-Muong etymology :

Proto-Viet-Muong: *la:ŋʔ, k-

Meaning: kite

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Muong dialect: tlaŋ.3

Arem: kalæ:ŋʔ

Proto-Ruc: *la:ŋ.3, k-

Ruc (Russian field rec.): kala:ŋ.3

Ruc (Lo'i's rec.): kala:ŋ.1

Ruc (Ferlus' rec.): kala:ŋ.5

Ruc meaning: kite

Thavung: kǝla:ŋ.1

Notes: F-97: *k-la:ŋʔ

References: NTF47, NVL141

Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic:

Meaning: peacock

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Modern Mon: mra:k

Old Mon: mre(k), mreŋ

References: S-303

Palaung-Wa etymology :

Proto-Palaung-Wa: *kla:ŋ

Meaning: eagle

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Wa: *klaŋ

Proto-Plang: *klaŋ

Proto-De'ang: *kla:ŋ

Riang: laŋ.1, k-

Riang meaning: kite

Proto-Angku: *kla:ŋ

Danaw: kǝjaŋ.4, kjaŋ.2 kite

Wa etymology :

Proto-Wa:

Meaning: eagle

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Paraok: klaŋ

Paraok meaning: eagle

Wa: klaŋ

Wa meaning: eagle

Ava: klaŋ

Lawa: klaŋ

Lawa meaning: eagle

Wa (dial.): klaŋ.1

Wa (dial.) meaning: eagle

References: D-132: *klaŋ

Plang etymology :

Proto-Plang: *klaŋ

Meaning: eagle

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Bulang: klaŋ.1

Bulang meaning: eagle

Konto: klaŋ.1

Konto meaning: eagle

Samtao (Paulsen): klaŋ.1

Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: eagle

References: P-101: *klaŋ.1

De'ang etymology :

Proto-De'ang: *la:ŋ, k-

Meaning: eagle

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

De'ang: kla:ŋ

De'ang-1: gla:ŋ, ma-

De'ang-2: klaŋ, ma-

Angku etymology :

Proto-Angku: *kla:ŋ

Meaning: eagle

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Pangpin: khlaŋ.51

Gantang: khlaŋ.51

References: WW-116

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