Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *kam

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: skin, hide, bark

Akusha: kam

Comments: Cf. also Ur. kam 'skin (of vegetables)', Kub., Tsud. kam 'skin, bark', Kharb. kam 'skin, bark, sour cream' etc.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *kŏnmo / *mŏnko

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: skin; dandruff

Proto-Tsezian: *mɔkV

Proto-Lak: čannu

Proto-Dargwa: *kam

Proto-Lezghian: *kan(a)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Lak. čannu < *kannu. Except for a metathesis (a rather usual phenomenon), correspondences are regular (although we would rather expect -u-, not -a- in Lak.; the wrong vowel is probably due to Ablaut).

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *mɔkV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 sheepskin 2 fur-coat

Bezhta: maku 2

Gunzib: mɔgɔ 1

Comments: PGB *mɔku (obl. base *mɔkɔ-li- > Bezht. maka-li-, Gunz. mɔgɔ-li-; in Gunz. the obl. base vocalism influenced the direct stem; cf. also Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. mäkä 'fur-coat' with the same vocalic development). The seemingly close PTsKh *boko 'fur-coat' can not correspond to PGB *mɔku phonetically and is actually a loan from Andian (see *wǟkwV).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: čannu

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dandruff

Lak form: čannu (Bartkh.)

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *kan(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 dandruff; epidermis 2 carpet (napless) 3 shaved head

Lezghian: kan 1

Agul: kan 2 (Bursh.)

Rutul: kan 3 (Khnov.)

Comment: Also means 'bald spot' in Rut., 'bark, peel' in Lezg. Khl.

    Abayev (1958, 579) suggests a Lezg. source for Osset. (suffixed) känk 'dandruff'.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *kŏnmó

Meaning: skin

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *kŏnmo / *mŏnko

Sino-Tibetan: *kuam

Comments and references : NSC 57 *kOnmV, WFR 88.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kuam

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: shell, cover, husk

Tibetan: khom wallet, leather trunk.

Burmese: khwam skin, pod, skull.

Kachin: puŋ¹-kum¹ the skull (puŋ¹ head).

Lushai: kōm a pod, a shell; the cover (of a book); an ear of maize, KC *Kuam (?) eyelid.

Lepcha: kom-bo, kom-thun leather (untanned), hide

Comments: Sh. 411.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVMV

Meaning : skin, husk

Eurasiatic : *kamV

Sino-Caucasian : *kŏnmo

Austric : PAA *ka:m 'husk, bran'.

Notes : PAA may be < ST.

Reference : Peiros 1989, 127.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *kamV

Meaning: skin, crust, peel

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *kami 'a k. of cloth' (cf. also *kṓme)

Uralic: *kama

Kartvelian: *qaml- ?

Eskimo-Aleut: *kǝmǝɣ

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *kami

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of cloth

Russian meaning: вид ткани

Turkic: *KEmek

Mongolian: *kemerlig

Tungus-Manchu: *kam-

Comments: A Western isogloss (although the Turkic reflex is somewhat dubious). MKor. kamtho 'a horsehair cap worn by officials' (compared with TM in SKE 92, Lee 1958, 113) is rather < Manchu.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *KEmek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of striped cloth for making upper clothes

Russian meaning: вид полосатой ткани для изготовления верхней одежды

Karakhanid: kemek (MK)

Comments: EDT 722. The isolated OT word may be borrowed from Eastern Iranian: cf. Pers. kamxa < Chin. gimhua (see VEWT 229 on further loans: Pers. > Turkic kamka > Russ. камка 'striped silk cloth'). Cf. other similar cases (like Sak. kamaiška > MK kemišge etc.).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kemerlig

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of silk

Russian meaning: вид шелка

Written Mongolian: kemerlig (L 451)

Khalkha: kemerleg

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kam-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to hem a garment with a white fur stripe 2 head kerchief 3 broad women's belt

Russian meaning: 1 подбивать одежду белой меховой полосой 2 головной платок 3 широкий женский пояс

Evenki: kamrā- 1

Literary Manchu: qamtun 2

Ulcha: qambụča 3

Orok: qāmị 3

Comments: ТМС 1, 370, 371.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 235

Proto: *kama

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: peel, crust

German meaning: Schale

Finnish: kamara 'Kruste, Kopfhaut, Schwiele'

Estonian: kamar (gen. kamara) 'Schwarte, Kopfhaut; Grasnarbe'

Mari (Cheremis): kom (KB U B) 'Brotkruste, Fruchtschale; Brotrinde'

Udmurt (Votyak): kumeĺ (S) 'die abgezogene Rinde des Lindenbastes', ? ke̮m (S G), kȯm (K) 'Rinde, Kruste, Schale'

Komi (Zyrian): komi̮ĺ (Le.), kome̮ĺ (Ud.) 'Schale, Hülse', ku^.miĺ (PO) 'кожура'

Mansi (Vogul): kɔ̄̈mtol (KU), kamtul (P) 'отщелки, Nußschalen' ?

Hungarian: háml- 'sich abschuppen, abschälen', háncs (altung. hámcs) 'Bast', hánt- (altung. hámt-) 'schälen, abschälen, enthülsen'

Nenets (Yurak): śāw (O), śem (Lj.) 'Schuppe'

Nganasan (Tawgi): kamu

Selkup: qā̊m (TaU) 'Fischschuppe'

Kamass: kåm 'Schuppe'

Sammalahti's version: FU *kama

Addenda: Mot. каменгапты

Kartvelian etymology :

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *kǝmǝɣ

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: flesh, skin

Russian meaning: плоть, кожа

Proto-Yupik: *kǝmǝɣ

Proto-Inupik: *kǝmǝ-ɣ

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 168, 169

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *kǝmǝɣ

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: skin (human) 1, flesh 2, body 3, fatty 4

Russian Meaning: кожа 1, плоть, мясо 2, тело 3, толстый, в теле 4

Sirenik: kǝ́mǝx 1, //3, 2 [Vakh.]

Chaplino: kǝmǝ́kšaq (t) 'flesh: part of meat without skin and fat' 2, //kǝmǝk 1, 2

Naukan: kǝ́mǝk 1, kǝmǝ́xtuqáq 4, cf. kǝ́mli 'fur (of birds, animals)'

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: kǝmǝk 2

Chugach (AAY): PWS kǝmǝk 2, 3

Central Alaskan Yupik: kǝmǝk 2

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 168

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *kǝmǝ-ɣ

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: inner force, power, influence 1, strong, effective 2

Russian meaning: внутренняя сила, власть, влияние 1, сильный, настойчивый 2

Seward Peninsula Inupik: kimi- 'to request, to desire'

SPI Dialects: Di kɨmɨnaq

WCI Dialects: Net kimik-iliqtuq neg. 2 'not so strong'

Greenlandic Inupik: kimik 1, kimittūq 2

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 169

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