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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: quIrt
Meaning: pear
Lak form: quIrt
Comments: Obl. quIrtu-; cf. Khosr. qIurt, qIurtu- id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *qHǖre ( ~ *qǖRʡe)
Meaning: pear
Proto-West Caucasian: *q́ʷa Notes: Another possible reconstruction would be PNC *qHwēre (see above about a possibility of reconstructing *qIʷar in PD), with loss of labialisation in most languages. The correspondences between PEC and PWC, in what concerns the timbre features, are regular in any case (note the palatalisation + labialisation in PWC, which can correspond both to *ü and to *qw + *e in PEC). In PWC, however, we would expect a form like *q:́ʷa (with tense *q:) corresponding to a long vowel in PEC. This discrepancy is still to be explained, but of course it does not make the comparison less valid.
See Trubetzkoy 1930, 276, Abdokov 1983, 105.
There is also a possible (but very problematic) Kartvelian parallel: Georg. (m)sχali, Megr. sχuli, Chan. cχuli, Svan. icχi 'pear' (see Charaya 1912, 26; Gudava 1954, 706-707).
caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *qōr
Meaning: 1 pear 2 apple
Chechen: qor 1
Ingush: qor 1
Batsbi: qor 2
Comments: 6th class in Chech. and Bacb., 5th class in Ing. Obl. stem *qōru- (cf. Chech. qūra-, Ing. qoro).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *qIar
Meaning: 1 pear 2 pear/apple (a generic name)
Akusha: qaIr 1
Chiragh: qIar 2
Comments: Cf. also Ur., Tsud. qIar, Kub. qī (loc. pl. qū-ba-d) 'pear'. An interesting form (suggesting a possibility of labialisation in PD) is Mek. qIʷar (MSU recording) id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *χIera / *ǯu-χIera
Meaning: pear
Lezghian: č:üχʷer
Tabasaran: žiχir
Agul: č:iχIar
Rutul: χIɨr
Tsakhur: ǯɨχIā
Kryz: ǯüħür
Budukh: čöħür
Archi: χIert
Udi: ar
Comment: Cf. also Tab. Kand. ǯiχir, Düb. ǯaχIar; Ag. Bursh., Burk., Tp. ǯeχer, Fit. ǯiχir; Tsakh. Gelm. ǯɨχIajä. 4th class in Arch., but 3d class in all other class-distinguishing languages. Pharyngealisation must certainly be reconstructed for PL; however, it was lost (neutralised before a front vowel) in the Tab.-Ag. area (otherwise in Ag. dialects we would have reflexes X̀/ħ), reappearing later in the same position in a number of dialects (Tab. Düb., Ag. Rich.).
The most archaic root structure is preserved in Tsakh. (Gelm. ǯɨχIajä), pointing to the PL *-a-Auslaut (with the obl. base *χIerä-). The Arch. form has a suffixed -t, either inherited from the PEC variant *qHǖr-di, or, more probably, under the influence of the Lak. form quIrt.
As for the strange first part *ǯu- (usually yielding regularly ǯV- or žV-, but devoiced in the first weak syllable before a voiceless *χI in Lezg., Ag. Rich. and Bud.), it is most probable that we deal with a compound *ǯum-χIera "quince"+"pear" with the first component distorted.
See Trubetzkoy 1930, 84; Лексика 1971, 162; Гигинейшвили 1977, 92.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *q́ʷa
Meaning: pear
Abkhaz: a-ħá
Abaza: ħa
Adyghe: q:ʷǝźǝ
Kabardian: qʷǝź
Ubykh: χ́a
Comments: PAT *ħa; PAK *qʷǝ-źǝ́ (on the meaning of *źǝ see *ž́ʷǝ). Shagirov (1, 238-239) justly notices that Trubetzkoy (1930, 276) was wrong in separating the Abkh. and Ub. forms and relating them to different EC roots. The correspondence PAT *ħ : PAK *qʷ : Ub. χ́ points regularly to PWC *q́ʷ. See Mészáros 1934, 378; Balkarov 1969, 177; Shagirov 1, 238-239.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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