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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: maš:i
Meaning: farmstead
Lak form: maš:i
Comments: Cf. Khosr. maš:i id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *malx_wē
Meaning: pasture; farmstead, temporary abode
Notes: Although it is not excluded that some of the above forms are old interdialectal borrowings, correspondences are regular and the PNC reconstruction seems plausible. Cf. Trubetzkoy 1922, 239 (for EC); Abdokov 1983, 128-129.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *marxʷV
Meaning: farmstead
Avar: márxi
Comments: Av. paradigm A or C (plur. márxa-bi).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *max:i
Meaning: farmstead
Akusha: maxi
Comments: Cf. also Ur. maxi, Kait. max:i, Kub. maš:e, Sirg. maš:i, Kharb. max:i.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *maʎ:(ij)
Meaning: 1 cattle-shed 2 sheep-fold 3 winter pasture
Tabasaran: maxi 2
Agul: mex́ 2
Rutul: mexi (Ikhr.) 1
Tsakhur: maxi (dial.) 1
Archi: maʎ:i 3
Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. max:, Ag. Fit. mex́ʷ (preserving the old labialisation). The Tsakh. form is cited from Ibragimov 1978, and the dialect is unknown. 4th class in Arch. See Гигинейшвили 1977, 128.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *Pǝx́V
Meaning: 1 to graze (at night) 2 to spend a night 3 hut
Abkhaz: a-pχ́a-rá 2
Abaza: pχ́a-ra 2
Adyghe: pš́ǝ-ṗa 3
Kabardian: xa-pśǝ-n 1
Comments: PAT *pǝx́a-; PAK *pš́ǝ-. In PAK the verb has been preserved only (with a locative prefix) in Kab. (Abdokov gives also the meaning 'spend some time', whereas the Kab.-Russ. dictonary only gives the gloss 'to graze (at night, of horses, oxen etc.)'. Adyghe reflects only the compound *pš́ǝ-ṗq̇a 'place of temporary abode', 'hut' (borrowed in Ub. as pš́ǝṗq̇á 'lieu d'assemblée en plein air'); cf. also another derivate in Kab. pśǝ-ʡa 'hut'. See Abdokov 1983, 128-129 with the correct AT-AK comparison (the author quotes also an Ub. verb pš́ǝ- 'to abide, stay temporarily' - which we were unable to identify and which is probably faulty: in Ub. we should regularly expect a form like pśǝ-). Because of the obvious AT cognate, Shagirov's identification of the present root with PWC *pǝʎ:ʷa 'to blow' (q.v.) should certainly be rejected.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *malx_wē
Meaning: pasture
Comments and references : DCE 20.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *mrǝ̆k
Meaning: pasture, meadow
Tibetan: ãbrog solitude, wilderness, summer-pasture.
Burmese: mrak grass, LB *m(h)rukx.
Comments: Kanauri myak grass. Simon 9, Ben. 43.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 牧
Modern (Beijing) reading: mù
Preclassic Old Chinese: mǝk
Classic Old Chinese: mǝk
Western Han Chinese: mǝk
Eastern Han Chinese: mwǝk
Early Postclassic Chinese: mwɨk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: muk
Late Postclassic Chinese: muk
Middle Chinese: mük
English meaning : pasture; herdsman
Russian meaning[s]: 1) пастух; пастырь; пасти; пастись; 2) пастбище, выгон; подножный корм; 3) опекать, заведовать; управлять; правитель
Comments: For *m- cf. Xiamen bok8, Chaozhou mok8, Fuzhou muk8.
Radical: 93
Four-angle index: 6172
Karlgren code: 1037 a-c
Shijing occurrences: 42.3
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 629
Character: 牧
MC description : 通合三入屋明
ZIHUI: 3668 0762
Beijing: mu 3
Jinan: mu 3
Xi'an: mu 3
Taiyuan: mǝʔ 41
Hankou: moŋ 3
Chengdu: mu 12
Yangzhou: mɔʔ 4
Suzhou: moʔ 42
Wenzhou: mo 42
Changsha: mo 4
Shuangfeng: mû 12
Nanchang: muk 41
Meixian: muk 42
Guangzhou: muk 42
Xiamen: bɔk 42
Chaozhou: mok 42
Fuzhou: muʔ 42
Shanghai: moʔ 42
Zhongyuan yinyun: mu 43
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *pǝ(ʔ)r-
Meaning: woody hill, wood
Ket: hʌ́ĺeś / hɔ́ĺeś, pl. hʌ́ĺaŋaś / hʌĺeŋeś 'hill' (Werner 1, 334), (Donner) hǝlis 'moosbewachsener kleiner Erdhügel in der Tundra'
Yug: fʌrɨŋ5 fɨ:hš́ 'tussock', (Donner) pạ̀rǝmpās 'woody hill'
Kottish: farán, pharan, pl. faránaŋ "dicht (Wald)"
Comments: The root shouldn't be confused (as it was in ССЕ 246 and in Werner 1, 304, 277 <*phaʎǝ->) with PY *pāt- q.v. The Ket (Yug) form is borrowed into Selkup as parampas "a hill overgrown by bushes" (hardly vice versa, despite Helimski КС 242). Both Ket and Yug reflect a compound with the second part *pɨ̄s - probably, PY *pɨ̄-s(e) 'bent, crooked (shape)'.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *mal
Meaning: field
Yasin: mal
Hunza: mal
Nagar: mal
Comments: (T. 10088?) [Skt. Kauṭ. māla- `forest near a village', Pk. māla- `garden'?]
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,
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