Lezghian etymology : List with all references

Proto-Lezghian: *t:ʷi(r)χ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: son

Rutul: duχ

Tsakhur: duχ / diχ

Kryz: diχ

Budukh: diχ

Comment: Medial -r- is regularly lost before uvulars in all languages preserving this root, thus it could have been there in PL (its presence is suggested by the Darg. parallel).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *dwirχE

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: child, son

Proto-Dargwa: *durχIʷa

Proto-Lezghian: *t:ʷi(r)χ

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The form *dwirχE, reflected in PD and PL, probably goes back to an earlier *u_V-dirχE (with the 1st class prefix *uV-); cf. PHU *wutqi, *witēqi 'son' reflected in Hurr. futqi, fitēqi (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 20).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *durχIʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: child

Akusha: durħaI

Chiragh: darχIa

Comments: Cf. also Ur. durħʷaI, Kub. dūħu.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *dwi(r)χE

Meaning: son, child

North Caucasian: *dwirχE

Sino-Tibetan: *t(h)u

Comments and references : In PST cf. also *toj ( ~ dh-,-u-) `youngest child' (a variant of the same root?)

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *t(h)u (~-iw)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: nephew

Chinese: 少 *tewʔ-s junior, young (?)

Burmese: tu nephew, son of a man's sister, LB *tu.

Lushai: tu grandchild, KC *tu.

Lepcha: thă a grand-child

Comments: Rawang phǝdu nephew; Trung pǝ³-du¹; Rgyarung temdu. Sh. 48; Ben. 62. Cf. perhaps also OC 叔 *tikʷ ( < *tiw-k?) or *tu-k third to second-to-last of brothers, junior.

Chinese characters :

Character: 叔

Modern (Beijing) reading: shú

Preclassic Old Chinese: tikʷ (~ -uk)

Classic Old Chinese: tiuk (~ -uk)

Western Han Chinese: tjǝuk (~ -ǝuk)

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝuk (~ -ǝuk)

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćɨuk (~ -ɨuk)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćuk

Late Postclassic Chinese: śuk

Middle Chinese: śük

English meaning : third to second-to-last of brothers, junior

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дядя (младший брат отца); свояк (младший брат мужа); 2) третий из четырех братьев; 3) молодой; младший; последний; 4) Шу (фамилия)

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *tikʷ (~*tuk) 'gather; harvest'. For *t- cf. Min forms: Xiamen cik⁷, Chaozhou cek⁷.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 29

Four-angle index: 5943

Karlgren code: 1031 b-d

Vietnamese reading: thúc

Shijing occurrences: 37.1, 37.3, 37.4

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Chinese Dialects :

Number: 505

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 叔

MC description : 通合三入屋書

ZIHUI: 0647 0889

Beijing: ṣu 11

Jinan: ṣu 11

Xi'an: fu 12

Taiyuan: suǝʔ 41

Hankou: sou 12

Chengdu: su 12

Yangzhou: sɔʔ 4

Suzhou: soʔ 41

Wenzhou: śiu 41

Changsha: ṣôu 4

Shuangfeng: śiu 12

Nanchang: suk 41

Meixian: suk 41

Guangzhou: šuk 41

Xiamen: siɔk 41

Chaozhou: cek 41

Fuzhou: söyʔ 41

Shanghai: soʔ 4

Zhongyuan yinyun: šiu 42

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