Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *jeṭal-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to tie, bind

Lezghian: k-uṭun-

Tabasaran: ji=ṭ-

Agul: iṭ-

Rutul: s-i=ṭa-

Tsakhur: i=ṭal-

Kryz: ju=ṭul-

Budukh: w-e=ṭl-

Archi: e=ṭin-

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. iliṭ-iz 'to bind round', Ag. Bursh. ilṭan- 'to bind, tie', Tsakh. pret. a=ṭɨl. Belongs to the strong verb class in PL. A common Lezghian derivate is *ṭil: Lezg. c̣il (Khl. c̣il), Tab. č̣il (lit. ṭil, Düb. ṭil), Ag. ṭil 'thick rope', Arch. ṭili ( < *ṭilV-j) 'crossbelt, baldric'.

    See Трубецкой 1930, 89; Гигинейшвили 1977, 81.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *jeṭal-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to tie, bind; untie

Proto-Lak: =aṭi-

Proto-Dargwa: *čV-lṭVn-

Proto-Lezghian: *jeṭal-

Proto-West Caucasian: *ṭa

Notes: The semantic change 'to bind' > 'to gather' is natural, and the etymology seems satisfactory. One can also compare Av. baṭárhin 'woollen belt, strap' (although the morphological structure of this derivate is not quite clear). See Abdokov 1983, 126-127 (citing also an Av. verb b-uṭine 'to be tied' which we were unable to identify).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: =aṭi-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to gather

Lak form: =aṭi-n

Comments: G. pr. =a=ṭu-n. Cf. Khosr. =aṭi-n id. An old derivate (reflecting the archaic meaning 'to bind') is probably Lak. buṭa 'rope'.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *čV-lṭVn-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to put on (trousers, shoes)

Chiragh: če-lṭVn-/če-jṭ-

Comments: The original meaning was probably 'to tie round (one's waist, foot)', cf. the external evidence.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ṭa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to untie, unbind 2 to get untied

Abkhaz: á-ṭ-la-ra 2

Abaza: r-ṭ-la-ra 1

Adyghe: p-ṭa-ta-n 1

Kabardian: ṭa-ta-n 1

Ubykh: -ṭa- 2

Comments: PAT *ṭǝ-la- (with the auxiliary -la-; also *rǝ-ṭǝ-la- with the causative prefix *rǝ-); PAK *ṭa-ta- (the morpheme *ṭa- is also used in several compounds: PAK *ṭa-č̣́ǝ- 'to undress', *ṭa-ʁa- 'to put on (as dress)', see Kuipers 1975, 18). Ub. -ṭa- in a-ṭa-q̇á "il fut délié"; cf. also ṭa-Lá- 'to unbind' (a-s-ṭa-Lá-n).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ṭVɫV

Meaning: to tie; net

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *jeṭal-

Sino-Tibetan: *t(h)ol (~-ɫ)

Basque: *lotu

Comments and references : BCD 9.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *t(h)ol (~-ɫ)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: net, trap

Tibetan: dol net, fishing-net.

Lushai: tol a special k. of trap.

Comments: Cf. PAN *bintul (but also *bintur) 'fish or crab trap'.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *lot-tu

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to tie, bind 2 to grasp, seize 3 to put out (lights) 4 bond, tie 5 bandage

Bizkaian: lotu 1

Gipuzkoan: lotu 1, (Andoain) lotura 4, (Tolosa) lotura 5

High Navarrese: lotu 1, 2, lotura 5

Low Navarrese: lothu 2, (Aldude) lothura 4, 5

Salazarese: lotura 4

Lapurdian: lothu 2, (Donibane) lotura 4, (Ainhoa) lothura 5

Zuberoan: lóthu 2

Roncalese: lotu 3

Comments: The stem is *lot- (Trask 1999).

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVLV

Meaning : to tie, net

Eurasiatic : *taxlwV

Sino-Caucasian : *ṭVɫV

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *taxlwV

Meaning: to bind, harness

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *tàĺbe

Uralic: *tulkV

Kartvelian: *txew(l)-

Dravidian: *taḷ-

References: ND 2369 *ṭuĺ(V)[G]V 'to spread like a veil/net' (+ Sem.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *tàĺbe

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: harness

Russian meaning: упряжь

Turkic: *duĺa-

Mongolian: *delbeg

Japanese: *dǝ̀sǝ̀p-

Comments: In Turk. one would expect *-ɨ-; the reflex -u- is probably due to the effect of the original labial in -ĺb-. Note that some forms (Tat., Bashk., Yak.) actually reflect *-ɨ-, so perhaps for PT one should rather assume here a form like *dɨĺo-.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *duĺa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to hobble 2 hobble

Russian meaning: 1 стреножить 2 путы

Karakhanid: tuš 'a belt buckle' (MK, KB), tuša- 1 (KB), tušaq 2 (MK)

Turkish: duša- (dial.)

Tatar: tɨšaw 2

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) tuša- 1, tušaq 2 (AH)

Uzbek: tušɔw 2

Uighur: čušä- 1

Turkmen: dušaq 2

Khakassian: tuza- 1

Shor: tuža- 1

Oyrat: tuža- 1

Chuvash: tъʷlъʷ 2

Yakut: tɨhɨta 'clothing buckle' (?)

Tuva: du`ža- 1

Tofalar: duša- 1

Kirghiz: tuša- 1

Kazakh: tusa- 1

Noghai: tɨsaw 2

Bashkir: tɨša- 1

Karakalpak: tusa- 1

Comments: ЭСТЯ 3, 306, EDT 558 (OT tuš 'buckle'), 561, 562. Turk. > MMong. tušaɣa, WMong. tuša-, tusi- 'hobble', see Clark 1980, 42, Щербак 1997, 159, whence Evk. tusā etc., see Doerfer MT 131, Аникин 190.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *delbeg

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: reins

Russian meaning: вожжи

Written Mongolian: delbeg (L 247)

Middle Mongolian: delbeget (SH)

Khalkha: delbeg

Comments: Mong. > Chuv. tilpxepe, see Róna-Tas 1971-1972.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *dǝ̀sǝ̀p-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to equip 2 equipment

Russian meaning: 1 облачаться, снаряжаться 2 снаряжение

Old Japanese: josop-, josop(w)op- 1, josopji 2

Middle Japanese: jòsòf-, jòsòfòf- 1, jòsòfì 2

Tokyo: yosṓ-, yosó- / yòso- 1, yosói 2

Kyoto: yósṓ-, yósó- 1, yósóí 2

Kagoshima: yosṓ-, yosó- 1, yosói 2

Comments: JLTT 578, 787. Modern dialects reflect also a variant with high tone: it must be secondary, under the influence of *dǝ́sǝ̀ 'outer side' (interpreted as a compound *dǝ́sǝ̀ + ǝ̀p- 'put clothes on the outer side').

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1090

Proto: *tulkV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: net

German meaning: Zugnetz

Komi (Zyrian): ti̮l (S) 'Zugnetz'

Khanty (Ostyak): tŏχǝt (Ni.), tŏχǝл (Kaz.)

Mansi (Vogul): tolǝj (LM), toliɣ (So.)

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *txew(l)-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: ловить, искать

English meaning: to catch, search

Georgian: txevl-, Old Georg. txevl-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): ловить рыбу сетью

Georgian meaning (Engl.): to catch fish with net

Svan: txēl-, txw-

Svan meaning (Rus.): искать, охотиться

Svan meaning (Eng.): to search, to hunt

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 98, EWK 172.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *taḷ-

Meaning : to bind, chain

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *taḷ-

Proto-Telugu : *tal-

Brahui : ta-fing

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *taḷ-

Meaning : to bind

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : taḷai (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to fasten, bind, chain

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) id., to entangle, confine, restrain; n. fastening, cord, rope; taḷaiyam bonds, fetters; taṭku (taṭki-) to bind, enchain

Malayalam : taḷa

Malayalam meaning : fetters, foot-rope for climbing palm trees

Malayalam derivates : taḷekka to fetter, shackle; taḷeppu fettering

Kannada : taḷ

Kannada meaning : to be joined, intertwined, yoked

Kannada derivates : taḷe a tie, tether; taḷḷi connexion, association, company; daḷe to join by sewing together, seam

Kodagu : taḷe, daḷe

Kodagu meaning : loop of rope, noose

Tulu : talè

Tulu meaning : rope for climbing palm trees

Tulu derivates : taḷḷi intercourse, association; saḷè a sling, snare

Proto-Nilgiri : *taḷ-

Number in DED : 3133

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *taḷ-

Meaning : sp. plant from whose bark string is made

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Toda : toɫ̣c

Number in DED : 3133

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *tal-

Meaning : tether or halter for cattle

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : talugu

Dialectal forms (1) : talagu (B)

Additional forms : Also (VPK) [1] talugu, [2] talgu, [3] tagulu, [4] tolugu, [5] taluvu, [6] tanugu id.; ? [1] tālcu, [2] tālucu to twist, twine

Number in DED : 3133

Brahui etymology :

Brahui : ta-fing

Meaning : to tie up, bind, bewitch, build, construct (embankment); become congealed, gather (of clouds)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 3133

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