Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔek:ʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to itch 2 to scratch

Lezghian: k:ʷa xun 1

Tabasaran: ug-ru xuz 1

Agul: ug- 1,2

Tsakhur: q-e=ga-,k-ega-2

Archi: guk:ǝ bos 1,2

Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. igi-, Tsakh. =ɨgɨga- 'to itch' (with reduplication = Arch. guk:ǝ). Cf. also the nominal derivate *ʔek:ʷa-l(a) / *ʔek:ʷa-r(a) 'itch, itchy feeling' > Lezg. k:ʷal, Tab. ugal, Ag. ugal-ar, Rut. Khniukh gar.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=ek_wV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to itch, to scratch

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=Vk(ʷVn)-

Proto-Dargwa: *=uk:- / -uk-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔek:ʷa

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Despite the root's expressive nature (leading to frequent reduplications), the etymology seems generally plausible.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=Vkʷ(Vn)-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to itch

Avar: =uk-ár-

Chadakolob: ruk-ár-

Andian language: kʷonnikʷon =iḳ-

Comments: Cf. also Av. rukén 'itch, itchy feeling'. Andi has a compound verb (=iḳ- 'to be') with a reduplicated first part.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *=uk- / -uk:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to itch

Akusha: =uk-

Chiragh: =uk:ag- / =uk:-

Comments: Tense -k:- in Chir. is probably secondary (either under Lezg. influence, or due to a confusion with *=ik:ʷ- 'to burn' q.v.).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ékwV

Meaning: to scrape

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *=ek_wV

Sino-Tibetan: *ghʷi(j)

Yenisseian: *kij- (~g-)

Comments and references : In PNC cf. also *=Vwq_V, *Hĕrχwa / *Hĕwχwa. The latter could have influenced the phonation (lack of expected -ʔ-) in PY. [All rather dubious: ST *ghʷi(j) better to *=Vwq_V; PY *k-ij is probably a compound *k-iGǝ.]

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ghʷi(j)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: comb, brush

Lushai: khuiʔ to comb, brush.

Kiranti: *khi(t)

Comments: Digaro se-kwi a comb; Pwo, Sgaw khwi comb (hair), brush (thread). Ben. 140.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *khi(t)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: comb

Dumi: khītnɨ

Kulung: khima

Yamphu: khi:kma

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: khi:tnɨ

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: vt-2a khi:t-khi:ts/khi:s

Meaning: 1) comb (e.g. do:sǝm 'hair'); 2) card (wool)

Nepali: koḍnu.

Comments: 1) A-do: khi:ta! Comb your hair!; 2) cf. Dutch kaarden

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: khima

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: vt-4 [1: khi:- 2: khi:y- 3: khi-]

Meaning: comb

Nepali: kapāl kornu.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: khi:kma

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Stem: <khi:g- ; khi:k->

Grammar: v.intr. & v.tr.

Meaning: to comb one's hair.

Nepali: kornu

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *k-i (~g-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to scrape, plane

Ket: kīj, kī (Werner 1, 435: t-k-ā-v-i 'ich schabe es')

Yug: t-k-ā:^h-b-i(ʔ) 'ich schabe es'

Comments: ССЕ 239. Werner 1, 435-436 *ki / *kiʔ. Since k- here is clearly a preverb, the actual root may be in fact the same as *ʔīGV 'whet, sharpen' q.v.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVKV

Meaning : to scratch

Eurasiatic : *xVḳV

Afroasiatic : *ḥakuk-

Sino-Caucasian : *=ekwV

Reference : ND 2572.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *xVḳV

Meaning: to scratch

Borean: Borean

Kartvelian: *xoḳ-

Dravidian: *ek-k-

References: ND 2572 *χeḳV 'scrape, scratch'.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *xoḳ-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: царапать, скрести

English meaning: to scratch

Georgian: xoḳ-

Megrel: xoḳ-

Megrel meaning (Rus.): брить

Megrel meaning (Eng.): to shave

Notes and references: EWK 553-554.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *ek-k-

Meaning : 1 to pluck, pick 2 to scratch

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *ek-k-

Proto-Telugu : *ēk-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ēk-

Notes : Long vowel in Tel. and PKG probably due to contraction from *ek-k-.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *ek-k-

Meaning : to pull out; to gin (cotton)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : ek_ku (ek_ki-)

Tamil meaning : to pull with fingers (as cotton), search for (as true meaning of a passage), scrutinize

Tamil derivates : ek_kur_u to be pulled thinly with the fingers (as cotton)

Malayalam : ekkuka

Malayalam meaning : to card cotton

Malayalam derivates : ēkku carding cotton

Kannada : ekku, yakku

Kannada meaning : to divide, separate, dress cotton, card wool

Kannada derivates : ekkike dressing cotton, etc.

Tulu : ekkuni

Tulu meaning : to gin

Proto-Nilgiri : *ek-

Number in DED : 0765

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *ek-

Meaning : to scratch

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : ek- (eky-) "to scratch (oneself, an itching limb)"

Toda : ök- (öky-) "to scratch oneself"

Number in DED : 765

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *ēk-

Meaning : to pick, beat, or clean (cotton), expose or publish the faults of, defame; n. roll of cleaned cotton prepared for the spindle

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : ēku

Additional forms : Also ēkuḍu picking, beating, or cleaning cotton

Number in DED : 765

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ēk-

Meaning : to pick out

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : ēk- "to pick and throw away stones and weeds from field"

Number in DED : 765

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḥakuk- (?)

Meaning: scratch

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ḥVkuk- 'scratch, rub, scrape'

Saho-Afar: *ḥakuk- 'scratch' <ETH?

Low East Cushitic: (?) *ḥe/oḳ- 'scratch' <ETH?

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1664

Proto-Semitic: *ḥVkuk-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: to itch, scratch (oneself)

Akkadian: ekēku (i/i) 'to scratch' OB, SB [AHw 193], [CAD e 63]

Hebrew: PB ḥākak 'to scratch' [Ja 462]

Judaic Aramaic: ḥăkak 'to scratch' [Ja 462]; ḥăkāk 'scab, sore' [ibid.]

Syrian Aramaic: ḥak 'rascit' [Brock 230]

Mandaic Aramaic: HKK, HUK 'to itch, irritate' [DM 147]

Arabic: ḥkk (-u-) 'gratter' [BK 1 469]

Geʕez (Ethiopian): ḥkk

Tigre: ḥakka, ḥankäkä 'to scrape, to rub' [LH 88]

Amharic: akkäkä 'to have an itch, to scratch o.s. with the nails' [K 1265]

East Ethiopic: HAR ḥakäkä 'to scratch the itching part of the body' [LHar 81]; SEL WOL ZWY ankäkä 'to scratch when it itches' [LGur 33]

Gurage: CHA ENN END GYE akäkä, EZ̆A akkäkä do. [ibid.]

Mehri: ḥǝk 'to scratch' [JM 173]

Jibbali: ḥɔttk do. [JJ 107].

    -t- stem. Note ḥekk 'to level off a small surface' [ibid.], with a meaning shift

Harsusi: hẹk

Notes: Note a meaning shift in JIB ḥekk 'to level off a small surface' [JJ 107].

    [Fr 41]: *ḥakk-at- 'scabbia', *-ḥkuk- 'grattare' (ARB, SYR, AKK); [AHw 193]: AKK, ARM, ARB; [Brock 230]: SYR, ARB, TNA; [LGz 228]: GEZ, HBR PB, AKK, ARB, MHR, ARM (the comparison with HBR ḥakkā 'fish-hook' suggested [ibid.] and in [KB 313] is unconvincing)

Saho-Afar etymology :

Proto-Saho-Afar: *ḥakuk-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'scratch'

Saho: ḥakuk

Afar (Danakil): ḥakuk

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *ḥe/oḳ- (?)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'scratch'

Somali: ḥoq-

Oromo (Galla): hooq-

Rendille: oc- ?

Arbore: heeq-

Gidole (Dirasha): heq-

Notes: *-ḳ instead of the expected *-k.

Total pages generated Pages generated by this script 800324 4110290	Help
StarLing database server Powered by CGI scripts Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov