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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *c̣:ämk / *kämc̣:
Meaning: 1 feather, down 2 goat skin, goat wool
Lezghian: c̣akul 1
Tabasaran: zikw 1
Archi: ḳenc̣ 2
Comment: The Lezg. and Tab. forms point to *c̣: in PL (conf. the correspondence Lezg. lit. c̣ak-ul : Khl. ckʷal without glottalisation, and the Tab. Kand. form c:ikʷ). Archi also has c̣: (cf. the erg. ḳenc̣:i, pl. ḳenc̣:-um) which is a strong point in favour of the comparison (inspite of the rather frequent metathesis). The Inlaut nasal must have been labial (to account for its loss in Tab. and lesg. - the dental would have been preserved - and the compensating labialisation of the velar).
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʒ_ǟnkwV̄
Meaning: skin
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Lak. c̣uku 'goat' does not belong here (see *ʒ_ɨ̄kV 'goat'); however, Lak. c̣uku-ls:a 'goat skin' can represent a merger of these two roots. The PL form presupposes rather *-mk- than *-nkw-, thus variants may have existed.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *c̣ōka
Meaning: skin
Chechen: c̣ōka
Ingush: c̣oka
Comments: 4th class in Chech.; 3d or 4th class in Ing. (3d class - generally, 4th class - "skin of a wolf, dog, hare etc."). Cf. also Pharch. c̣ōka, Lev. c̣wōka.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *c̣:ikʷV
Meaning: 1 skin 2 skin (of small animals, but not of sheep)
Avar: c̣:okó 2
Chadakolob: c̣oko 1
Andian language: c̣:uku 2
Akhvakh: c̣:oko 1
Tindi: c:oka 2
Karata: c̣:oko 2
Botlikh: c̣:uku 2
Comments: Av. paradigm B (c̣:akí-l, c̣:aká-l).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *sdǟ́nkwV̄
Meaning: skin; shape
Comments and references : A regular match in PY would be *tūŋ(V); thus Ket., Sym. tūŋ may be in fact a misrecording instead of *tu:hŋ.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *CVk
Meaning: skin, bark
Comments: Cf. also Tani: Milang acuk, Padam ašik, Shaiyang a-sik 'bark', Konyak *sVC; Sichuan: Namuzi ǝr.55 ṣɨ.33, Guiqiong çi.53, Qiang tʃhɨ.31 pa.33 'skin'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *sV̀(k)
Meaning: skin, bark
Kaling: sɔ- in sɔkɔ skin, bark, leather
Comments: Toba 95 *sVgraw- (?). Occurs only within *sV̀-qhák.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-notes,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: siNhɔk
Grammar: n.
Meaning: bark (of a tree).
Derivation: [siN wood + hɔk crust, cortex, husk; cf. pha- hɔk, phakhɔk]
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-dercomm,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: sǝkkǝ
Grammar: n.
Meaning: skin, hide, integument, bark, peel, rind, shell
Nepali: bokro, chālā.
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: sɔkɔwar
Grammar: n.
Meaning: skin
Nepali: chālā.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *tuŋ
Meaning: skin for making belts
Ket: tūŋ, pl. tūŋǝn
Yug: tūŋ, pl. tuŋɨn
Comments: ССЕ 290. Werner 2, 296 (without reconstruction).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TVKV
Meaning : skin, hair
Afroasiatic : Cush. *ṭVg-, Chad. *ṭVk- ~ *tVk- skin, body
Amerind (misc.) : *toke 'skin' (R 634) [+ A] Reference : ND 2349a, 2411. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṭVwq̇V
Meaning: skin, hair on body
References: ND 2349a *ṭüKV 'hair' (Turk. + ECush. + one WChad.); 2411 *ṭo(w)q̇a 'hide, skin' (Kartv. + Alt. + IE + Chad.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *twak-
Meaning: skin, hide
Hittite: twekka- (twikka-) c. `Körper, Person, selbst' (Friedrich 226)
Old Indian: tvacas- `skin' (in comp. as wie hiraṇya-tvacas-), {tvacasya- in der Haut befindlich}, tvaca- n., tvác- f. `skin, hide, bark, peel'
Old Greek: sákos n. `Schild (aus Leder)' (Cretan word acc. to AB 1096)
Russ. meaning: кожа, шкура
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 2051
Root: tu̯akos
English meaning: skin
German meaning: `Haut'
Grammatical comments: n.
Material: Ai. tvacas- `Haut' (in Kompos. wie hiranya-tvacas- `goldfellig' und in tvacasya- `in der Haut befindlich'), daneben tvák- f. `Haut, Fell'; gr. σάκος `Schild' (aus Häuten, Leder), φερε-σσάκης `Schildträger'; hitt. tu̯ekkas `Körper, Person, selbst'.
References: WP. I 747, Mayrhofer I, 537 f.
Pages: 1099
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-grammar,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *t`i̯ū́k`e ( ~ -i)
Meaning: hair (on body)
Russian meaning: волосы, шерсть; покрышка на шубе
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *tǖk
Meaning: 1 feather 2 (animal's) hair 3 (body) hair 4 fur 5 hair
Russian meaning: 1 перо 2 шерсть (животного) 3 волос (на теле) 4 мех 5 волос
Old Turkic: tü 1, 3 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tü 3 (MK, KB) Turkish: tüj 1-5
Tatar: tök 1, 2, 3
Middle Turkic: tük, tüj, tüg 3 (Sangl.) Uzbek: tuk 3
Uighur: tük 2, 3
Azerbaidzhan: tük 1,2,3,5
Turkmen: tüj 2,3
Khakassian: tük 1, 2, 3
Shor: tük 1
Oyrat: tük 1, 2, 3
Halaj: tīk 3
Chuvash: tǝʷk 1, 3
Yakut: tǖ 1, 2, 3, 4
Dolgan: tǖ 1, 2
Tuva: dük 3, 5
Kirghiz: tük 2, 3
Kazakh: tük 3
Noghai: tük 1, 2, 3
Bashkir: tök 2, 3
Balkar: tük 1, 2, 3
Gagauz: tüj 1, 2, 3
Karaim: tik, t́uk 2, 3
Karakalpak: tük 1, 2, 3
Kumyk: tük 3
Comments: VEWT 503; EDT 433 (: originally only 'body hair', opposed to sač 'hair of head', kɨl 'hair (in general)' and jüg 'feather'); Лексика 197-198; Stachowski 236. Loss of *-k in OT and Yak. is not quite clear (perhaps a rather unique development of the final *-ǖk). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *tokum
Meaning: 1 saddle blanket 2 to saddle
Russian meaning: 1 попона 2 седлать
Written Mongolian: toqum 1, toqu- 2 (L 829, 830) Middle Mongolian: toxu (HY 39), toqu'ul- 2 (SH), ṭoɣu- (IM), tuɣum (LH) Khalkha: toxum, toxom 1, toxo- 2
Buriat: toxom 1, toxo- 2
Kalmuck: toxǝm 1, toxǝ- 2
Ordos: doxom 1, doxo- 2
Dongxian: toɣun 1, toɣu- 2
Baoan: toχǝ- 2
Dagur: toku, toko 1, togu- 2 (Тод. Даг. 168 toxo-, togo-), toke 1, tohe-, toke- 2(MD 225) Shary-Yoghur: toGom 1, toGo- 2
Monguor: tuGun (SM 429), tuGum 1, tuGu- (SM 428) 2 Comments: KW 397, MGCD 363, 642, 643. Mong. > Oyr. toqɨ-, toqum etc. (see TMN 1, 272, 274, Лексика 544-545); > Evk. toku-, tokum etc. (see Poppe 1966, 196, Doerfer MT 104, Rozycki 209). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tiKi ( ~ -ü-)
Meaning: hair on skin
Russian meaning: шерсть на шкуре
Evenki: tikikta
Even: tīken
Negidal: tịkta
Oroch: tikta
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-orc,tunget-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1663
Proto: *teškä (*tekšä)
English meaning: smth. protruding
German meaning: etw. Hervorstehendes: Spitze, Bart, Оhre, Gras, Pflanze, Strauch
Finnish: tähkä 'Ähre' (? > Est. dial. tähk, tähkmes) ?
Mordovian: t́ikše (E), t́išä (M) 'Gras, Pflanze'
Mari (Cheremis): tǝškä (KB), tüška (U B M) 'Strauch, Straude, Barthaar od. Haarbüschel auf der Warze, Warzenbart; Haufe, Gesträuch (in dem mehrere Schößlinge wachsen), Gruppe'
Udmurt (Votyak): tuš (S K G), tu̇š (K) 'Bart'
Komi (Zyrian): toš (tošk-, toš-) (S P), tuš (PO) 'Bart'
Addenda: Veps. t́ähk, tähk
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-add,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ṭq̇eb-
Russian meaning: обдирать кожу
English meaning: to skin
Georgian: ṭq̇eb-
Georgian meaning (Rus.): бить себя по голове, оплакивать; ṭq̇av- 'шкура, кожа'
Georgian meaning (Engl.): to hit oneself on the head, to mourn; ṭq̇av- 'skin, hide'
Megrel: ṭq̇ab-
Megrel meaning (Rus.): сдирать шкуру; ṭq̇eb- шкура
Megrel meaning (Eng.): to skin; ṭq̇eb- 'hide'
Laz: ṭ(ḳ)eb-
Laz meaning (Rus.): шкура
Laz meaning (Eng.): hide
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 183-184 (*ṭq̇aw-), EWK 337-338. ПК *ṭq̇ew- 'шкура' - при условии вторичной метатезы - может быть сопоставлена с ПИЕ *twak-os 'кожа', алт. *t`uk`i 'волосы, шерсть'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-meg,kartet-mgmean,kartet-emgmean,kartet-laz,kartet-lzmean,kartet-elzmean,kartet-notes,
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