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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *s:ʷeʔ
Meaning: bear
Lezghian: sew
Tabasaran: š̌eʔ
Rutul: si
Tsakhur: śo
Kryz: sar
Budukh: sor
Udi: šuje
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. sew (with metathesis of labialisation < *s:ʷeʔ), Tab. Düb. š̌eʔe, Tsakh. Gelm. soj. Strong *s:ʷ- is suggested by Ud. š- (all other languages present do not show a clear distinction of *sʷ and *s:ʷ). 3d class in all class-distinguishing languages. The oblique base may be safely reconstructed as *s:ʷeʔ-rV-, cf. Lezg. sewre-, Tab. Kand., Düb. š̌eʔra-, Rut. sirɨ-. The oblique base superseded the direct one in Kryz. and Bud. See Бокарев 1961, 70; Лексика 1971, 155-156; Гигинейшвили 1977, 134; Талибов 1980, 295.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *cwä̆ʡmV
Meaning: bear
Notes: One of the long established common NC roots. The PWC form is metathesized (*mǝš́ʷV < *š́ʷVmV), otherwise corresponding quite well to EC reflexes. The Lak. and Darg. forms reflect a rather unique suffixed variant *cwä̆m-ƛV (such a lateral suffix is unknown elsewhere), and thus raise some doubts; but it is hard to separate these forms from all the rest. See Bork 1907, 26-27, 30, Trombetti 1923, 364, Рогава 1956, 28, Шагиров 1977, 273, Abdokov 1983, 119-120. All the authors link the EC and NC forms also with PK *da(ś)tw- 'bear' which is hard to justify phonetically, as well as the attempts to make an inner morphological analysis of the PWC form (made in Рогава 1956, 28, 36, Ломтатидзе 1961, 118).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ča
Meaning: bear
Chechen: ča
Ingush: ča
Batsbi: ča
Comments: 4th class in all languages. Short vowel is reconstructed on basis of forms like Chech. dat. če-na.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *simhi
Meaning: bear
Avar: ci
Chadakolob: ši
Andian language: seji
Akhvakh: šĩ
Chamalal: sehĩ
Tindi: sī̃
Karata: sĩ
Botlikh: sĩ
Bagvalal: sĩ
Godoberi: sĩhi
Comments: Av. paradigm A (cí-dul/ci-l, cí-jal, Chad. ši-l/ší-dul, šī-l). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. šin, Ratl. šĩ, Tlan. šimi (an especially archaic form - preserving the original *-m-resonant), Cham. Gig. sihĩ, And. (Tsertsvadze) sẽj.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *zɨ̃h A
Meaning: bear
Tsezi: ze
Ginukh: ze
Khvarshi: ze
Inkhokvari: zẽ
Bezhta: si / sĩ
Gunzib: sɨ̃
Comments: PTsKh *zɨ̃j (cf. also: Tsez. (Imnaishvili, Kh.) zej, Gin. gen. zej-š, Khvarsh. obl. zeʔi-); PGB *sɨ̃h (cf. also: Bezht. Khosh. sih, Tlad. sī).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: cuša
Meaning: bear
Lak form: cuša
Comments: Gen. cux-lul; cf. also Khosr. cuša, cux-lul.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *s:inka
Meaning: bear
Akusha: sinka
Chiragh: s:ika
Comments: Cf. also Tsud. s:inka, Ur. sinka, Kub. s:ika.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: psɨ
North Caucasian etymology: 1146
Meaning: bear
Khinalug form: psɨ
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *mǝš́ʷV
Meaning: bear
Abkhaz: á-mš̌
Abaza: mšʷǝ
Adyghe: mǝśa
Kabardian: mǝśa
Ubykh: mǝšʷá
Comments: PAT *mǝšʷǝ (cf. also Bzyb. á-mš̌); PAK *mǝśá; Ub. def. á-mšʷa.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *[c]wä̆ʡŋV́
Meaning: bear
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-yen,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ča[j]aŋ
Meaning: bear
Kottish: šajaŋ
Pumpokol: xánki (Сл.)
Comments: ССЕ 215. Werner (2, 436) doubts the attribution of the Pump. word, but the correspondence is quite regular (cf. *čem- 'goose' > Kott. šame, Pump. xam etc., see КС 157) and the comparison seems quite reliable.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-kot,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,
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