Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʎ:ʷij (~ -ɨ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: blood

Lezghian: i-vi

Tabasaran: i-fi

Comment: Lezg. -vi and Tab. -fi as the second part of the compound point to PL *ʎ:ʷVj going back to a PEC root for 'vein'.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *x_wɨ̄ʔrV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: vein

Proto-Nakh: *pχā

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *rixʷV

Proto-Lak: x:ʷa

Proto-Lezghian: *ʎ:ʷij (~ -ɨ-)

Proto-West Caucasian: *xʷa

Notes: Correspondences are regular. The comparison of EC and WC forms see in Trubetzkoy 1930, 278, Shagirov 1977, Abdokov 1983, 80.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *pχā

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: vein

Chechen: pχa

Ingush: pχa

Batsbi: pχa

Comments: Obl. stem *pχā-ni- (Chech. pχēna-, Ing. pχäno). 6th class in all languages.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *rixʷV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 vein, blood vessel 2 string

Avar: rix 1

Chadakolob: rix 1

Andian language: rošan 2

Chamalal: hĩhʷã 2

Comments: Av. Chad. paradigm A (ríxi-l, ríxa-l). Cham. hĩhʷã < jĩhʷã (< *rixʷa-n = And. rošan).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: x:ʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sinew, tendon; string

Lak form: x:a

Comments: Cf. Khosr. x:ʷa.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *xʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 vein, blood vessel 2 marrow 3 shin, shin-bone

Abkhaz: a-š́a-χʷá 2

Abaza: š́a-χʷa 3

Adyghe: fa 1

Kabardian: xʷa 1

Ubykh: xa 1

Comments: PAT *xʷa in compounds with *š́a 'foot, leg' and *ma 'hand, arm': *š́a-xʷa > Abkh. a-š́a-χʷá 'marrow', a-š́a-χʷá-r 'metatarsus', Bzyb. a-š́a-xʷá-r 'metatarsus, marrow in metatarsus bone; leg (from pelvis to knee)'; *ma-xʷa > Bzyb. a-ma-xʷá-r 'arm (from elbow to hand)'. The meaning of *xʷa may be reconstructed as "bone from one joint to another" < "joint" < "sinew". PAK *xʷa.

    See Климов 1967.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xwɨ̄́ʔrV

Meaning: vein

North Caucasian: *x_wɨ̄ʔrV

Sino-Tibetan: *Kiw (r-)

Burushaski: *hur ?

Basque: *her̄o

Comments and references : WFR 15.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Kiw (r-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sinew, fibre

Tibetan: rgjus fibres, rgjud (p. brgjus, brgjud, f. brgju, i. rgjud) to fasten on a string, rgjud string, cord, rgjuŋ the nerves, sinews.

Burmese: krawh nerve, sinew, vein, LB *kraw(x).

Comments: Trung dǝ³gru² sinew. Luce 24.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *hur

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: gutter, wooden water conduit

Yasin: hur

Hunza: hur

Nagar: hur

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *her̄o

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 root (tree, plant, tooth) 2 nipple (of udder) 3 udder

Bizkaian: erro 1, 2, erra-pe 3

Gipuzkoan: erro 1, 2

High Navarrese: erro 1, 2

Low Navarrese: erro 1, erra-pe 3

Lapurdian: erro 1, 2, erra-pe 3

Baztanese: erra-pe 3

Zuberoan: herro 1, herrá-pe 3

Roncalese: erro 1, ra-pé 3

Comments: Initial *h preserved only in ZBR. Loss of /h/ in LAB, BNV probably due to inter-dialectal borrowing.

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