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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʎ:äm:
Meaning: finger nail
Tabasaran: šib
Rutul: xeb
Tsakhur: xɨvna
Udi: muχ
Comment: Other relevant forms: Tab. Khür. š:av (pointing to PL *ɫ:), Düb. šav. Traces of the PL oblique base *ʎ:im:V- (with Ablaut) are preserved in Rut. xäb, xibɨ-l-; the Tsakh. form (cf. also Gelm. xɨbɨna) reflects the original plural *ɫ:im:V-p:V with metathesis. Metathesized is also the Ud. form muχ - but external comparison shows that metathesis must have occurred in the rest of PL dialects after the separation of Udi. Cf. Лексика 1971, 119.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *mɦǟƛă (~-ǝ̆)
Meaning: finger-nail, toe-nail
Proto-West Caucasian: *mǝʎǝ Notes: Correspondences are regular. A very extensively spread and well reconstructable root. Cf. Trubetzkoy 1922, 238; Abdokov 1983, 77.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *mʡāra
Meaning: claw, finger-nail; hook, fork
Chechen: mʕāra
Ingush: mʕara
Batsbi: mʕajrĭ
Comments: In Chech. there exists a parallel form maʕar which is obviously secondary. The obl. base should be reconstructed as *mʡāre- (cf. Chech. mʕēra-, Ing. mʕara-, Bacb. mʕare-). Belongs to the 4th class in the meaning "nail, claw", but to the 6th in the meaning "hook".
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *miƛu / *ƛumHV
Meaning: nail, claw
Avar: maʎ
Chadakolob: mat
Andian language: muʎa
Akhvakh: miƛo
Chamalal: ʎum
Tindi: miʎu
Karata: muʎu
Botlikh: humu
Bagvalal: milhʷ
Godoberi: ʎumul
Comments: Av. paradigm C (maʎá-lul, máʎa-l; Chad. mití-l, máta-l). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. miʎo, Bagv. Tlis. muʎ, Cham. Gig. ʎũj (loss of -m- here is the reason for reconstructing *-mH- in *PA) etc. The metathesized variant *ƛumHV is represented in Cham., Botl. and God. (in God. with suffixed -l/-r, cf. also God. Zib. ʎumur).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *mɔLu A
Meaning: finger-nail, claw
Tsezi: moʎu
Ginukh: moʎu
Khvarshi: muʎu
Inkhokvari: monu
Bezhta: miʎo
Gunzib: mɔlu
Comments: PTsKh *moʎu (Inkh. monu < *molu with nasal assimilation); PGB *mɔʎu, obl. base *mɨʎa- (cf. Gunz. malu, mɨla-; in Bezht. the direct base vocalism became adequated on analogy with the oblique base).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: mix
Meaning: claw, nail
Lak form: mix
Comments: 3d class. Obl. base mixi-ra-. Cf. also Khosr. mix, mixi-ra-.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *mikʷa / *nikʷa
Meaning: nail, claw
Akusha: nika
Chiragh: meka
Comments: Cf. also Ur. nikʷa, Kub. mika, Tsud. mikʷa etc.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: čimi
North Caucasian etymology: 18
Meaning: nail, claw
Khinalug form: čimi
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *mǝʎǝ
Meaning: nail, claw
Abkhaz: -ṗχǝ-c
Abaza: -ṗχǝ/-mχǝ
Comments: For PAT two compounds may be reconstructed: a) *naṗǝ-mǝxǝ 'fingernail' (*naṗǝ 'hand'), whence Abaz. naṗχǝ, Abkh. a-naṗχǝ́-c, Bz. a-naṗxǝ́-ć/a-napxǝ́-ś (with an additional suffixed -ć); b) *š́aṗǝ-mǝxǝ 'toenail' (*š́aṗǝ 'foot'), whence Abaz. š́amχǝ, Abkh. a-š́aṗχǝ́-c, Bz. a-š́aṗxǝ́-ć/a-š́apxǝ́-ś/a-š́amxǝ́-ś. Initial *m- is clearly visible in the second compound, while in the first
it had been lost completely because of dissimilation with the initial n-.
PAT *x goes back to several PWC consonants (*ƛ̣,*ƛ,*ʎ(*ʎ:),*x); *-ʎ- is
chosen here because of EC counterparts. Abdokov (1983, 77) compares the AA
form with PAK *(p)χʷá-mba 'finger' which is semantically dubious and
phonetically impossible.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *mɦǟƛá̆ (~-ǝ̆)
Meaning: foot, hoof
Sino-Tibetan: Tib. r-mig 'hoof'
Comments and references : HGC 25, NSC 60. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : MVLV
Meaning : foot, hoof
Notes : Attested only in NC and Tib.
globet-meaning,globet-scc,globet-notes,
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