Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *mič̣[ä]-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 dark 2 black

Lezghian: mič̣i 1

Tabasaran: muč̣u 1

Agul: muč̣e-f 1

Rutul: mič̣a-q-dɨ 1 (Shin.)

Tsakhur: mɨč̣a-χ-ɨn 1

Kryz: mič̣e 1

Budukh: mič̣i 1

Archi: mač̣a 1

Udi: maIjin 2

Comment: In Rut. and Tsakh. the root is expanded by a suffix (probably locative in origin).

    Cf. Лексика 1971, 226; Гигинейшвили 1977, 102.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *mīč̣V

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dark

Proto-Nakh: *māč̣-u(n) (~ -ǯ-)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *mVč̣V-

Proto-Lak: murč̣i-

Proto-Lezghian: *mič̣[ä]-

Proto-Khinalug: mič̣ä

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The original meaning was, perhaps, 'dark grey' or 'dark yellow' (in Lak. 'dark' > 'blind', which is a rather usual semantic development). The Lak. form contains an adjectival infix (going back to a suffix) -r-: murč̣i- < *mič̣rV- < *mīč̣V-rV-.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *māč̣-u(n) (~ -ǯ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 yellow 2 orange

Chechen: mōža 1

Ingush: mɔža 2

Comments: The pure root is preserved in Chech. maž-dan "paint yellow".

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *mVč̣V-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 dark grey 2 yellow

Avar: máč̣a-b 1

Chadakolob: mač̣a-b 2

Comments: Av. > Gunz. mač̣ab 'yellow'.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: murč̣i-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: blind

Lak form: murč̣i-s:a

Khinalug etymology :

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *mīč̣V ( ~ -šṭ-)

Meaning: dark

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *mīč̣V

Sino-Tibetan: *mūt (~-ǝ̄t)

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *mūt (~-ɨ̄-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dark

Chinese: 昒 *smǝ̄t dark.

Kachin: mut² be grey.

Lepcha: kŭr-mót freckles of face, sentigo, also ephelis or any similar slight alteration of pigment

Comments: Cf. Chepang [hmeʔ-]mut 'ashes'; LB Zhaiwa mu_t.55 mau.55 'cloud', Rawang rǝmit, Dulong rɨ-mɨt id.; Bodo *rǝ-mǝt 'yellow'.

Chinese characters :

Character: 昒

Modern (Beijing) reading: hū

Preclassic Old Chinese: sm(h)ǝ̄t

Classic Old Chinese: (s)m̥ǝ̄t

Western Han Chinese: (s)m̥ǝ̄t

Eastern Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄t

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄t

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄t

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄t

Middle Chinese: xot

English meaning : dark

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : MVCV

Meaning : dark, black

Eurasiatic : *mVCHV

Sino-Caucasian : *mīč̣V ( ~ -šṭ-)

Austric : *mVt 'cloud, darkness'

Amerind (misc.) : *misk 'red; blood' (R 70) [+ A K]

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *mVCHV

Meaning: black, dark

Borean: Borean

Uralic: *mUC- black (FP)

Kartvelian: Svan. mešxe black

Dravidian: *mas-

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *mas-

Meaning : black pigment

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *mas-i

Proto-Telugu : *mas-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *mas

Proto-North Dravidian : *majs

Notes : The NDR form is unclear; ? < *mas-i.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *mas-i

Meaning : black; dirt; pigment

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : mai

Tamil meaning : collyrium for the eye, ink, ink-paste, black pigment, black, blackness, darkness, spot as of moon, blemish, dark cloud; fault, sin; dirt

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to become black, be dim; maippu black, blackness

Malayalam : mai

Malayalam meaning : blackness, antimony

Kannada : masi

Kannada meaning : dirt, impurity, the black of culinary vessels, soot, lamp-black, black colour, blackness, ink, antimony

Kodagu : masi

Kodagu meaning : charcoal

Tulu : maji

Tulu meaning : coal, black powder, ink

Tulu derivates : maiyi a kind of collyrium; maivaripuni to paint the eyes with antimony or collyrium; maipè, maippè a black or dark-coloured fowl

Proto-Nilgiri : *maj-

Miscellaneous : KOR (O) majji soot

Number in DED : 5101

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *maj-

Meaning : to become dark, become evening

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Toda : moy- (moc-)

Additional forms : Also Toda moy ashes (in songs); moɵp darkness before dawn or after sunset

Number in DED : 5101

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *mas-

Meaning : blackness, sootishness, soot, charcoal, ink

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : masi

Number in DED : 5101

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *mas

Meaning : soot

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Naiki : mas

Number in DED : 5101

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *majs

Meaning : ink

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : maī̃s

Number in DED : 5101

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *mVt

Meaning: cloud, darkness

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: mVt

Austroasiatic meaning: cloud

Proto-Thai: mɨ:t darkness

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: mVt

Meaning: cloud

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: mɨ:t darkness

Proto-Palaungic: Man hmut.1

Proto-Khmu: *mot

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