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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *čim
Meaning: 1 ashes 2 snow-flake
Chechen: čim 1,2
Batsbi: čim 1
Comments: Obl. base *čima- (Chech. čima-). 5th class in Chech., 6th class in Bacb.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *č_ä̆mpV
Meaning: sand, road metal
Notes: Reconstructed for PEC. Correspondences are regular (except the vowel in Lak.: š:ama instead of š:ima. Perhaps the Lak. form reflects *č_wä̆mpV with assimilative labialisation).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *š:ibi
Meaning: 1 round stone, boulder 2 a fastening stone on roof
Akhvakh: s:ibi 1
Tindi: š:ibi 2
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-akv,aandet-tnd,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: š:ama
Meaning: road metal
Lak form: š:ama
Comments: Cf. Khosr. š:amā id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *š:äm
Meaning: 1 road metal 2 sand
Lezghian: šim 1
Tabasaran: šim 1
Agul: šim 1
Rutul: šim 1
Kryz: ? šin-ʁɨl 1
Udi: ša 2
Comment: Cf. also Rut. Ams. šim 'small stone', Ag. Bursh. š:im. The Kryz. form raises doubts (suffixation is unclear); cf. also the Khin. loan čɨnʁɨl with unclear (archaic?) č-. 4th class in Kryz. and Rut. Judging from the Udi form (reflecting *ä), the original paradigm had been dir. *š:äm, obl. *š:imV-; in most languages the former oblique base became direct.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: šum
North Caucasian etymology: 291
Meaning: sand
Khinalug form: šum
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *čä̆́mpV ( ~ *št-)
Meaning: sand; dirt
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Ćim (~ -em)
Meaning: mud, marsh
Tibetan: ãʒ́im a compound of earth and water, mud, clay, loam.
Burmese: ćimʔ marsh, swamp.
Comments: Sh. 67. Here perhaps Ao Naga *li-sem 'sand'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-comments,
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