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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *tuj (~ -ū-)
Meaning: spit, spittle
Chechen: tuj
Ingush: tu-g
Batsbi: tuj
Comments: In Ing. - a diminutive form (*tu(j)-ḳ). It is impossible to establish vowel length. 3d class in Chech., Ing., 5th class in Bacb.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *twǝjV
Meaning: spit, spittle
Notes: An expressive, but common EC root with quite regular correspondences. A reduplicated variant ( > PA *tʷotʷo, PL *tutuj) can also be reconstructed.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *tʷo-, *tʷojV
Meaning: 1 spit, spittle 2 to spit
Avar: tuj 1, tu(j)- 2
Chadakolob: tu- 2
Andian language: toto 1, tu-d- 2
Chamalal: tū- 2
Tindi: tʷē- 2
Karata: tutu 1
Comments: The And. languages reflect a derived verbal stem *tʷo-d- and a reduplicated noun *tʷotʷo < *tʷǝtʷǝjV.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *tʷi-
Meaning: to spit
Bezhta: tü-ƛ- (Tlad.)
Gunzib: ti-ƛ-
Comments: PGB *tu- / *ti- (reflecting an original root *tʷi-); cf. also Bezht. Khosh. ti-ƛ- id.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *tu
Meaning: to spit
Akusha: tu-iḳes
Chiragh: tu-ʔī
Comments: The stem tu is nominal ('spit, spittle') and used as the first component of a compound verb.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *tuj / *tutuj
Meaning: 1 spit, spittle 2 to spit
Tabasaran: tutu 1, tu aṗ- 2
Agul: tutu 1
Rutul: tu 1
Tsakhur: t́u 1
Archi: tu-bus 2
Comment: For the final *-j cf. Tab. pl. tutuj-ir, Ag. obl. tutuji-, Rut. tujɨ-, Tsakh. t́ujɨ-. Cf. Гигинейшвили 1977, 80.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *twǝjV
Meaning: spit, spittle
Comments and references : MCGD 3.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *thōj
Meaning: spit
Tibetan: tho-le ãdebs spit; (W) thu id.
Burmese: thwijh to spit.
Kachin: mǝtho3 to spit; mă-thwi3 (Mat. 191).
Lushai: KC *m-thoi.
Comments: PG *tù saliva; BG: Dimasa thu (v.), Garo stu; Kanauri thu-. Peiros-Starostin 211; Coblin 138.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 唾
Modern (Beijing) reading: tuò
Preclassic Old Chinese: thōjs
Classic Old Chinese: thwājh
Western Han Chinese: thwājh
Eastern Han Chinese: thwǟh
Early Postclassic Chinese: thwā̀
Middle Postclassic Chinese: thwā̀
Late Postclassic Chinese: thwā̀
Middle Chinese: thwầ
English meaning : spit [LZ]
Russian meaning[s]: прям., перен. плевать; плевок; с пренебрежением
Radical: 30
Four-angle index: 407
Karlgren code: 0031 m
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *thu
Meaning: to spit
Yasin: thu
Hunza: thu (ét-)
Nagar: thu (ét-)
Comments: Sh. thu, T. 6102 [obvious onomatopoeic matches in Pk. thū `fie', Skt. only thūt-kara- `sound of spitting']
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *tu
Meaning: 1 spittle, saliva 2 drop (of liquid)
Araban: tu 1
Bizkaian: txu 1
Gipuzkoan: to 1, itoi 2
High Navarrese: tu 1
Low Navarrese: thu 1
Lapurdian: thu 1
Baztanese: ttu 1
Zuberoan: thü 1
Roncalese: tu 1
Comments: Cf. also SinoCauc *tUKV 'spittle, saliva'.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-arb,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TVHV
Meaning : spit, spittle
African (misc.) : Bantu *-tụ́- 'spit'.
Reference : GE 62 *tak (with wrong ST data). globet-meaning,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *tVH
Meaning: spit
Austroasiatic meaning: spit
Miao-Yao parallels: Yao thwi.1 to spit
Proto-Austronesian: *utaq (Ache rudah spit)
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-an,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: tVh
Meaning: spit
Proto-Palaungic: Ria smtɔs.1
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kmr,aaet-pawa,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: staoh
Meaning: to spit out, expectorate
Comments: JP derive the word from ṭaoh to untie, to loose
References: JP125
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,kmret-comm,kmret-ref,
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