Nakh etymology : List with all references

Notes: A reliable common NC root; the correspondence is regular, both semantically and phonetically (the PWC form has a frequent labial prefix *p(ǝ)-). The AK-EC comparison was first put forward by Balkarov (1964, 100).

Relatively few languages have preserved the verbal root; much more extensively reflected in EC languages is the derivate *ʔālć̣VrV 'weed' (sometimes with reduction of the weak initial syllable).

caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *hanč̣-(~-o-) / *č̣Vr-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to weed 2 weed

Avar: č̣ará- 1, č̣ar 2

Akhvakh: ãč̣are 1

Chamalal: hanč̣-eh- 1

Tindi: hanč̣-ihi- 1

Karata: hanč̣- 1

Godoberi: hanč̣ir 2

Comments: Av.-And. *hanč̣- (stem I), *č̣Vr- (stem II, reflected only in Av.). The common PA derivate is *hanč̣Vr ( ~ -o-) 'weed', cf., besides the above, also Akhv. Tseg. ʕanč̣ara-b žumi 'weed' (žumi 'grass'), Tlan. ʕanč̣ara-b, Kar. hanč̣ar, God. hanč̣ir. Avar has a more recent deverbative (with Anlaut reduction) č̣ar (gen. č̣ará-l), whence Arch. č̣ar id.

Note that in Tind. and Cham. the verb is actually a compound ('to do weeding'), not a simple verbal stem.

aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *ʔü̃č̣VrV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: weed

Tsezi: eč̣uri

Ginukh: oč̣ili

Khvarshi: ič̣ila (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: ãč̣e

Bezhta: ic̣owa

Gunzib: ĩč̣ur (Gunz)

Comments: PTsKh *ʔü̃č̣VRe (but the Inkh. reflex is irregular: -ĩ- would be expected); PGB *ʔĩč̣ur(a) (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. ič̣erö). The PTs vocalic reconstruction is not very certain.

cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: =u=č̣i-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to weed

Lak form: =u=č̣i-

Comments: G. pr. =u=č̣unu. Cf. also dur. č̣u-n and the old deverbative č̣alū 'weed'.

laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *(=arc̣-) / =irc̣-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to weed

Akusha: =irc̣-es

Comments: Only the Ak. durative =irc̣- is attested. Cf. also the old derivate PD *ʔarc̣i 'weed' > Ur. arc̣i, Kub. āc̣e.

darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔa(l)č̣V(r)-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to weed 2 weed 3 hay

Lezghian: eč̣e- 1, eč̣el 2

Tabasaran: =u-č̣- 1 (Khür.)

Agul: č̣al 2

Archi: č̣il 3

Udi: il 2

Comment: The verb itself is preserved only in Lezg. and Tab. dialects (therefore the reconstruction is rather tentative: we can not establish whether there was or was no medial -l- and final -r). However, several languages reflect the old deverbative *ʔač̣i-l (or, with reduction, *č̣al / *č̣il) 'weed': cf. (beside the listed forms) also Lezg. Khl. hač̣al, Tab. ač̣al (Kand. ač̣il, Düb. č̣al), Ag. Fit. ač̣il 'weed'.

See Талибов 1980, 302.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

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Proto-West-Caucasian: *pǝč̣́a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to weed

Adyghe: ṗč̣́a-

Kabardian: ṗṣ́a-

Comments: PAK *ṗč̣́a-. The root is unknown outside the AK area (Klimov's comparison with Abkh. a-bc̣a-ra 'to mow' /see Klimov 1967, 299/ should be abandoned for phonetic reasons). Other etymological attempts (see Shagirov 2, 53 with literature) had also been unsuccessful.

abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,

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