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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ħāstV-m
Meaning: nail, peg
Chechen: ħostam
Ingush: ħastam
Comments: Cf. also Chech. Lev. ħōastam, Cheb. ħāstom, Ing. (Imnaishvili) ħāstam. 6th class in both languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ħwǟls_ǝ̆
Meaning: a coniferous tree; wood, stick
Proto-West Caucasian: *pǝsV Notes: The WC form has a frequent labial prefix *p-. Both phonetically and semantically the comparison seems quite plausible. [There are some problems with the initial laryngeal: in Lak. we should expect ʔI-, and in Av. - paradigm A, not B. We must note, however, that Av. Chad. /the literary accentuation is not attested/ frequently has a secondary B paradigm instead of A.] Medial *-l-, although not preserved in any language, must be reconstructed to account for the PTs nasalisation and the PN development *-ls- > -st-.
See also comments to *ʔɨ̄rcV̆ 'wood, stick'.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *HVs:V
Meaning: 1 wooden bar, axle, crow-bar 2 staff
Avar: ħos: 1
Chadakolob: ħus 2
Comments: Av. Chad. paradigm B (ħosó-l, ħasá-l).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *hɔ̃s: ( ~ -s)
Meaning: pole
Inkhokvari: hõs
Comments: Attested only in Inkh., but having probable external parallels.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-inh,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: his
Meaning: a prick (by some sharp object)
Lak form: his
Comments: The original meaning was obviously 'sharp object, thorn, prick'; cf. also the derivate Khosr. his:ilu 'fork' (pointing to *s:, neutralised in his in the final position), and the Archi loanword his 'fork'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʡʷe(l)s: ( ~ ʔIʷ-)
Meaning: 1 wood, timber 2 firewood
Rutul: us 2
Tsakhur: os 1
Udi: ušI 2
Comment: Obl. base *ʡʷes:a- or *ʡʷes:e-, cf. Rut. úsu-, Tsakh. osa-, Gelm. oIs, oIs:a-. 4th class in Rut. and Tsakh. The root is preserved only in languages where there occurred a simplification of *-lC-clusters, thus the presence of *-l- in PL is postulated only on external evidence.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *pǝsV
Meaning: fir-tree
Abkhaz: á-psa
Adyghe: psajǝ
Kabardian: psej
Ubykh: psǝ-ʁʷǝnǝ́
Comments: PAT *pǝsa (cf. also Bzyb. á-psa / a-psá, perhaps [with rather strange semantics] Abaz. psa-qʷa 'willow'); PAK *psa-jǝ́ (with a usual "tree"-suffix -jǝ). In Ub. cf. also psǝ-s "fir-wood". See Shagirov 2, 15 with literature.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ħw[ǟ́]lsǝ̆
Meaning: stick, fork
Burushaski: (cf. hariṣ 'wooden shovel' - see *ʔVrstV́)
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔiʔs (~x-)
Meaning: peg
Ket: iʔś, pl. ɛśǝŋ5
Yug: iʔs, pl. ɛsɨŋ5
Kottish: iš-thip (thip iron)
Comments: ССЕ 192. Werner 1, 390.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *hols (*holc)
Meaning: 1 plank 2 wall (made of planks) 3 cupboard, sideboard, dresser
Bizkaian: oltzar 1
Gipuzkoan: (arc) olz 2
High Navarrese: (arc) olz 2
Low Navarrese: oltz 2
Salazarese: oltza 2
Lapurdian: holtz 3
Zuberoan: holtz 2
Comments: Azkue cites oltza 'stack of planks' as common Bsq. As noted by Michelena (1961, chapter 14) the phonemic contrast between Proto-Bsq *ls and *lc is neutralized, but differently in different dialects. German Holz is a chance resemblance.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-comments,
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