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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ʁo
Meaning: help, support
Chechen: ʁo
Ingush: ʁo
Comments: 3d class in both languages. Obl. base *ʁo-ne- (Chech. ʁöna-, Ing. ʁono).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ɣwăʔi ( ~ -e)
Meaning: team-work, help
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ħaʔi Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. One of the roots with the rare voiced fricative *ɣ. The Lak. form may be ultimately borrowed from Av. (with a semantic change), as are many Andian and Tsezian forms listed above; however, the PN : Av. : PA correspondence can not be explained by borrowing.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ħaʔi
Meaning: team-work (followed by regalement)
Avar: gʷaj
Andian language: haj (Leksika)
Akhvakh: he (Leksika)
Tindi: haj (Leksika)
Karata: haʕe (Leksika)
Comments: Av. paradigm B ~ C (loc. gʷawú-ƛ̣:). All the Andian data are taken from Leksika 1971; the MSU recordings list only Avar loanwords with the meaning "team-work" (And. gʷaj, Akhv. gʷē, Cham. gʷaj, Tind. gʷā). The Avar word is also borrowed in Tsez., Inkh. gʷaj; a dialectal or Old Avar form *gʷah is borrowed in Arch. gʷah, Bezht., Gunz. gahi. Av. gʷaj : PA *ħaʔi is one of the rare cases of the g :h correspondence (going back to the hypothetic PEC *ɣ).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: guj
Meaning: animation, merriment
Lak form: guj
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɣwăʔi
Meaning: help
Sino-Tibetan: OC *wǝʔ 'help, right'
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVWV
Meaning : mutual help
globet-meaning,globet-afas,globet-scc,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *gaw(V)y-
Meaning: community group sharing a common territory
afaset-meaning,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-bed,afaset-lec,afaset-hec,afaset-wrz,afaset-omo,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1980
Proto-Semitic: *gaw(V)y-
Meaning: 'community group sharing a common territory'
Akkadian: gāʔum, gāwum 'Volk' (kan. Fw.) OB Māri [AHw 284], gāʔu 'group, gang (of workmen)' Mari; WSem lw. [CAD g 58]
Phoenician: gw 'community' [Tomb 63]
Hebrew: gōy 'people; nation; pagan peoples; persons; (of animals) swarm (of mosquitoes, birds' [Koehl new 182-3], gēw 'community' [ibid. 182]
Aramaic: ? OFF gw 'esclave féminine' [JH 48]
Judaic Aramaic: gayyūtā 'gentile status' [Ja 236] {<PB HBR gayyūt do.?}; gētā 'flock, herd' [ibid. 243]
Syrian Aramaic: gawā 'universitas, communitas; aedificia communia (monachorum)' [Brock 107]
Mandaic Aramaic: giuiata (pl. of giuta 'body, interior, inside, entrails, etc. - чушь!) 'bodies, hence congregation, company of people' [DM 89]
Arabic: ǯāwāyin- 'campement, tentes des troupes' [BK 1 360] (broken pl.; sing. not attested)
Epigraphic South Arabian: SAB gw-m, gwy 'community group' [SD 51] MIN gw (*gwy) 'groupe formant une communauté' [LM 37] QAT gw (*gwy) 'body, group' [Ricks 36]
Geʕez (Ethiopian): ge 'territory' [LGz 172]; cf. gogawa 'to be numerous, come in a large group' [LGz 185] and tagāwǝha 'to assemble, gather, accumulate' [LGz 207] with unexplained -h.
Amharic: ge 'country, town' [LGur 254]
Argobba: ge 'country, town' [LGur 254]
Harari: gē 'the city of Harar, city, side of' [LHar 66]
East Ethiopic: WOL ge, SEL gē 'country, land, village' [LGur 254]
Notes: Counter to [DRS 107] и [DK 149] (with another choice of examples and diff. interpretation) differs from SEM *gay/wVʔ- 'valley, depression, lowland': HBR gay(ʔ) 'valley' [KB 188], JUD gayyā 'glen, wady' [Ja 233]; ARB ǯaww-, pl. ǯiwāʔ- 'terrain déprimé, encaissé, fond de la vallée; champ, plaine', cf. ǯuwwat- 'creux dans la montagne' [BK 1 348]; ǯiwāʔ- (ǯwy) 'vallée, terrain encaissé', ǯawiyy- 'eau fétide; mauvais, qui ne convient pas à quelqu'un (pays, climat)' [ibid. 360]; ǯiyyat- (under ǯwy [ibid.] и ǯyʔ [ibid. 361]) 'mare d'eau stagnante et fétide qui s'amasse' MIN gwʔ 'carrière' [LM 37]
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-phn,semet-hbr,semet-arm,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-sar,semet-gzz,semet-amh,semet-arg,semet-hrr,semet-east,semet-notes,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *gVwVy-
Meaning: 'to crowd, get together'
Zenaga: Zenaga kugi 'all' (<ku-gi)
Figig: Timimun gaw 'to gather' [B-L 537]
Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): gguggi (<*guyyi) 's'attrouper; se précipiter en troupe' [Dallet 281]
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-zng,brbet-fgg,brbet-qbl,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *gay- 1, *(ʔa-n)-gaway 2
Meaning: 'cooperative work, mutual help' 1, '(common) settlement, dwelling' 2
Hausa: gayya 1 ('cooperative work; collecting together of a number of people to assist another in some piece of work; a number of people so collected') Bargery 375
Mupun: angwa 'quarter of town' Sk Hs, 278
Dera=Kanakuru: gawì [ibid., 132]
Ngamo: gāya 1 ('aider') [Skin 82]
Gera: gǝ̀wǝ 2 ('hut') [Kraft I 73]
Warji: ŋgǝwai 2 ('part of compound') [Skin 278]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,wchet-gwn,wchet-der,wchet-ngm,wchet-ger,wchet-wrj,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *(n)gway- not < *g
Meaning: 'compound, (common) settlement, dwelling; family'
Fali Kiria: ɣǝ̂y [Kraft II, 183] (ɣ <*g?)
Malgwa: ɣàya 'compound' Kraft III, 112 (ɣ <*g?)
Mada: gáy 'family' [BMaf] 'house ofX' ='family'
Mafa=Matakam: ŋgway 'house' Sk. Hs., 278
Logone: ʔɣo, ʔɣu 'Welt, Stadt' Sk. Hs., 278 (ʔɣ- <*g-?)
Buduma=Yedina: ŋgu 'Ort, Haus, Stelle'
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-fki,cchet-zgh,cchet-bld,cchet-mtk,cchet-log,cchet-bud,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *gay-
Meaning: 'people' 1, 'friend' 2
Dangla: gɛ̀ɛ̀ 'les gens' [Fd 318]
Bidiya: gèe- 2 (masc.) [JBid]
Mokilko: gé 1 [CLR: 267]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-dng,echet-bid,echet-mkk,
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Bedauye (Beja) etymology :
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Bedauye: gaw
Meaning: 'Gehöft, Haus, Familie' Rein Bed, 104
bedet-prnum,bedet-meaning,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *gVw-Vt-
Meaning: 'crowd of people'
Somali: gúuto 'crowd of people' Abr., 99
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-som,
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High East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-High East Cushitic: *gVwVy- ~ *gVyVw-
Meaning: '(main) house'
Hadiya (Gudella): goyya 'main house' LGur., 303
Kambatta: geeyyu-ta 'hut' Huds, 82
Notes: Cf. *geeg-eess- (Burji, Gel., Had., Sid., Oromo) 'to accompany' Huds., 18 (<*gaygay-?)
hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-had,hecet-kmb,hecet-notes,
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Warazi etymology :
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Proto-Warazi: *yVgw- (met. <*gVwVy-?)
Meaning: 'tribe'
Harso (Werize): iko (-k- <*-g-)
wrzet-prnum,wrzet-meaning,wrzet-hrs,
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Omotic etymology :
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Proto-Omotic: *giyVw-
Meaning: 'neighbour'
Kafa (Kaficho): giyo, giwo 'Nachbar' Lamb 319
Chara: giyá, pl. giyoótsí
Sheko: giyo
omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-kaf,omoet-shn,omoet-shk,
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