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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ṭēwi
Meaning: 1 crossbeam 2 bridge 3 collar-bone, clavicle
Chechen: ṭaj 1,2
Ingush: ṭij 2
Batsbi: ṭiw 2,3
Comments: The PN paradigm *ṭēwi, obl. *ṭāwi- is clearly reflected in Ing. ṭij, ṭäwo; Chech. has generalized the vocalism of the obl. stem (ṭaj < *ṭāj(i) < *ṭāwi, obl. ṭē- < *ṭāji- < *ṭāwi-). For Bacb. cf. also Desheriyev's notation: ṭew. 3d class in all languages. The root originally meant just 'stick' or 'pole', cf. the Chech. diminutive ṭe-rg-aš (pl. t.) 'drumstick', and Ing. dial. ṭi(j) 'penis'.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ṭwēlʔe (~ -ʡ-)
Meaning: stick; beam, cross-beam
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular. Note also an isolated Gunz. form: ṭala 'penis' (an old loanword from Nakh, before the simplification of -lʔ-?). Abdokov (1983, 133) compares the EC forms (Darg., Lezg. and some unrelated forms) with Kab. janṭǝr 'log'. The comparison is not quite secure (the meaning of the first component is not clear, although Abdokov discovers it also in jan-c̣ 'a long pole'; also unclear is -r in Kab.).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *ṭɨrǝ A
Meaning: bridge, stairs
Khvarshi: ṭero
Inkhokvari: ṭɨro
Bezhta: ṭijo
Gunzib: ṭɨrǝ
Comments: PTsKh *ṭɨRǝ; PGB *ṭɨrǝ (cf. also Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. ṭiro).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: ṭuIj
Meaning: molar tooth
Lak form: ṭuIj (Khosr.)
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ṭal
Meaning: stem, trunk, post
Akusha: ṭal
Comments: Cf. also Ur., Kait., Tsud. ṭal id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ṭʷela
Meaning: 1 twig, rod 2 leaf 3 rib 4 pole
Lezghian: ṭʷal 1
Tabasaran: ṭul 1
Agul: ṭul 1,3
Rutul: ṭul 1,3
Tsakhur: ṭele 2,3
Kryz: ṭɨl 1
Budukh: ṭul 1
Udi: alat:a 4 (?)
Comment: Obl. stem *ṭʷelä-, cf. Tab. ṭuli-, Ag. ṭuli-, Tsakh. ṭele. The meaning 'rib' occurs normally only in compounds (Rut. begid ṭul, Tsakh. muɣlena ṭele), but in Agul it also occurs separately. Somewhat dubious is the Ud. form (with metathesis and an obscure a- in Anlaut). The word belongs to the 3d class in Rut. and Tsakh., but to the 4th class in Kryz. and Bud.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ṭwēlʔe (~ -ʡ-)
Meaning: stick
Comments and references : WFR 23.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tur (/tul)
Meaning: sharp wooden stick
Tibetan: thur spoon, chopsticks; a pole.
Burmese: tu chopsticks.
Lushai: tūl a skewer, a k. of two-pronged fork.
Comments: Variation *-r / *-l could point to two different roots, which, however, are rather hard to distinguish.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 錐
Modern (Beijing) reading: zhuī
Preclassic Old Chinese: tuj
Classic Old Chinese: twǝj
Western Han Chinese: twǝj
Eastern Han Chinese: ćwǝj
Early Postclassic Chinese: ćwij
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćwij
Late Postclassic Chinese: ćwi
Middle Chinese: ćwi
English meaning : awl
Russian meaning[s]: 1) шило; перен. острое, тонкое; 2) конус; пирамида
Radical: 167
Four-angle index: 856
Karlgren code: 0575 g
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 2225
Character: 錐
MC description : 止合三平脂章
ZIHUI: 6923 1202
Beijing: c̣uei 11
Jinan: c̣uei 11
Xi'an: pfei 11
Taiyuan: cuei 1
Hankou: cuei 11
Chengdu: cuǝi 11
Yangzhou: cuǝi 11
Suzhou: ce_ 11
Wenzhou: ci_ 11
Changsha: ćyei 11
Shuangfeng: tui 11
Nanchang: cui 11
Meixian: cui 11
Guangzhou: čö_y 11
Xiamen: cui 11
Chaozhou: cui 11
Fuzhou: cuei 11
Shanghai: cö 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *tala
Meaning: twig, young branch
Low Navarrese: tara, talika
Zuberoan: talika
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bnv,basqet-zbr,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TVLV
Meaning : board, stick
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṭVlV
Meaning: stem, board
References: ND 2371 'stem, tree' (+ Arab.). Perhaps = *ṭVlV 'bridge'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *tel-
Meaning: board, pole
Old Indian: tala- n. `surface, level, flat roof'
Old Greek: tēlíǟ f. `Tisch od. Brett mit erhöhtem Rand'
Latin: telō, -ōnis m. `hölzerner Brunnenschwengel zum Wasserschöpfen'
Celtic: ? MIr tel, taul, tul `Stirn'; Cymr, Corn, Bret tal `Stirn'
Russ. meaning: доска, шест
piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *tal-a- c., *tal-iā̃ f.,
Meaning: bed, flour bord
Lithuanian: pãtala-s `Schlaf-, Lagerstätte, Ruhelager, Bettzeug', pl. patalaĩ , pãtalai `Federbett'; pl. tìlēs `Bodenbretter im Kahn, Bodenbelag, Schatillen'
Lettish: tale, tals `Bleiche, das Bleichen (des Flachses)', pl. patali `Pfühle'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *ɵilja-n, *ɵiljōn, *ɵiljan- vb.
Meaning: board, boarding
Old Norse: ɵil n. `Diele; Bretterwand', ɵili n. `Bretterwand, Bretterboden'; Fin < ONord teljo `Ruderbank', ɵilja f. `Diele, Planke; Ruderbank'
Norwegian: til `Boden aus losen Brettern'; tile
Old Swedish: thili
Swedish: tilja `Diele, Bühne'
Old English: ɵille, -an f. `boarding, flooring, floor', ɵilian (ɵillian, ɵillan) `to plank, lay planks', ɵel (ɵell), -es n. `thin piece of wood or mwtal, plank, plate'; { buruh-ɵelu ` Burgflur' }
Old Saxon: thili f. `plankenvloer'
Middle Dutch: dēle f. `plank, vloer'
Dutch: deel f.
Middle Low German: dēle f. `Brett, Fussboden, Hausflur'
Old High German: thili n., thil m. (8.Jh.), thilo m. (11.Jh.), thilla f. (11.Jh.) `starkes Brett, Bretterwand, -boden'
Middle High German: dil, dille st./wk. f., wk. m. 'brett, diele; bretterwand; bretterne seitenwand eines schiffes, das schiff selbst; verdeck, bretterner fussboden; der obere boden des hauses'
German: Diele f.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-oengl,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1974
Root: tel-2, telǝ-, telu-
English meaning: flat, flat ground, board
German meaning: `flach, flacher Boden, Brett'
Derivatives: tl̥-to- `Gang'
Material: Ai. tala- n. `Fläche, Ebene, Handfläche, Sohle', sekundär talimam- n. `Fußboden', tā́lu n. `Gaumen'; arm. t`aɫ `Gegend, Distrikt', t`aɫar `irden, irdenes Gefäß', t`aɫem `beerdige, vergrabe', sehr unsicher t`it`eln `Blatt, Platte von Metall'; gr. τηλίᾱ `Würfelbrett, Küchenbrett und dgl.';
lat. tellūs, -ūris f. `Erde', meditullium `Binnenland' (*telnos; tellūs nach rūs umgebildet); ob tabula f. `Brett' usw. aus *tal-dhlā?
air. talam (*telǝ-mō) Gen. talman `Erde', mir. tel, t(a)ul n. `Stirn, Schildbuckel', cymr.corn. bret. tal `Stirn'; im Ir. ist *tal mit einem verschiedenen ir. tel, tul `Schildbuckel' zusammengeflossen, s. u. *tēu- `schwellen';
aisl. þil(i) n. `Bretterwand', þilja f. `Diele, Planke', þel n. `Grund, Boden', ags. ðille `Diele', ðel `Schiffsplanke, Metallplatte', ahd. dil, dilo `Bretterwand, Bretterdiele', dilla (= aisl. þilja, ags. ðille, falls dies f.) `Brett, Diele, Schiffsdeck', finn. (aus dem Nord.) teljo `Ruderbank';
apr. talus `Fußboden des Zimmers'; lit. pã-talas `Bett', tìlės f. Pl. `Bodenbretter im Kahn';lett. tilandi m. Pl. ds., tilinât, telinât `flach ausbreiten', tilât, tiluôt `ds., ausgebreitet liegen'; aruss. tьlo `Boden'; potolók (*tolu-ko-) `Zimmerdecke';
mit Formans -to-: lit. tìltas, lett. til̃ts `Brücke' = ai. taṭa- m. (mind. für *tr̥ta-) `Ufer' (eigentlich `gangbarer Fußboden')?
References: WP. I 740, WH. II 640 f., 655, Trautmann 321, Vasmer 3, 110, Mayrhofer 1, 469, 487, 499, Specht Idg. Dekl. 23.
Pages: 1061
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1035
Proto: *tala(-sV)
English meaning: pole; hut
German meaning: Stange, Gerüst; am Baum angebrachtes Gerüst; Hütte
Finnish: talas (gen. talaan) 'Stange od. Gerüst, worauf etw. getrocknet wird; Hütte', tala, talo 'Haus, Bauernhof'
Estonian: talas (pl. talasid) 'Stellage, Baugerüst', tala (gen. tala) 'Tragbalken, Streckbalken', talu 'Bauernhof'
Udmurt (Votyak): ti̮li̮s (S J M) 'Hütte', tị̑lị̑s (Uf.) 'Waldhütte'
Mansi (Vogul): tul (N LM) 'Stange mit Lebensmitteln; Scheune'
Sammalahti's version: *tala
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-udm,uralet-man,uralet-samm2,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *tāḷ-
Meaning : leg, foot, stem
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *tāḷ-
Meaning : leg, foot, stem
Tamil : tāḷ
Tamil meaning : leg, foot, foot of a tree or mountain, stem, pedicle, stalk
Malayalam : tāḷ
Malayalam meaning : stalk, stem (chiefly of edible plants), the foot
Kannada : tāẓ
Kannada meaning : stem or stalk of corn, flowers, etc.
Kodagu : tāḷɨ
Kodagu meaning : stem
Number in DED : 3185
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *tāḷ
Meaning : trunk, stem
Kota : tāḷ "stem, trunk, slope of hill"
Toda : tōɫ̣ "thigh of animal's hind leg, trunk of tree, slope of hill"
Number in DED : 3185
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,
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