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Chinese characters :
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Character: 孺
Modern (Beijing) reading: rú
Preclassic Old Chinese: n(h)os
Classic Old Chinese: n(h)oh
Western Han Chinese: n(h)wah
Eastern Han Chinese: ń(h)wah
Early Postclassic Chinese: ń(h)wò
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ń(h)wò
Late Postclassic Chinese: ń(h)wò
Middle Chinese: ńǜ
English meaning : child; be weak, mild
Russian meaning[s]: 1) младенец, дитя; 2) зависимый, находящийся на попечении; 3) любить; радоваться
Radical: 39
Four-angle index: 3687
Karlgren code: 0134 d
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nǝ̆wH
Meaning: younger sibling
Tibetan: nu-bo a man's younger brother, nu-mo the younger sister of a female.
Kachin: gǝnau1 younger sibling.
Lushai: nau younger sibling; a child, young child, KC *nao.
Comments: Garo no younger sister. Sh. 408; Ben. 63; Coblin 54.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *nŭsÁ
Meaning: younger sister, daughter-in-law
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *nŭsA ( ~ -ŏ-)
Meaning: daughter-in-law
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *nusa Notes: Correspondences are regular, and this is undoubtedly a common NC kinship term. Cf. also HU *nas- > Hurr. naž-ardǝ 'concubines' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 37). The root has interesting parallels in other linguistic families: Semitic (Arab. niswa 'women', nisāʔ id. - whence Turk. nisa); IE (*snus- 'daughter-in-law') - thus being an old Eurasiatic "Wanderwort". See Genko 1930, 725; Balkarov 1965, 17; Abayev 1973, 190; Shagirov 1977, 287-288; Abdokov 1983, 86.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *nus
Meaning: daughter-in-law, sister-in-law
Chechen: nus
Ingush: nus
Batsbi: nus
Comments: Obl. base *nasi- (Chech. nesa-, Ing. neso, Bacb. plur. nase-r).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *nusa
Meaning: 1 daughter-in-law 2 bride
Avar: nus 1
Andian language: nusa 2
Akhvakh: nuša 1
Chamalal: nusa 1
Tindi: nusa 1
Karata: nusa 1
Botlikh: nusa 1
Bagvalal: nusa 1
Godoberi: nusa 1
Comments: Av. paradigm B (pl. nusá-bi ). The Av. word was borrowed in Arch. nus-dur 'daughter-in-law' (with a suffixation typical for Archi kinship terms).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: c̣ɨ-nas
North Caucasian etymology: 1745
Meaning: bride
Khinalug form: c̣ɨ-nas
Comments: Historically a compound with *c̣ɨ- 'new' (lit. 'new bride', cf. Arch. mac̣á-t:u-r 'bride' - lit. 'new (fem.)' - etc.).
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,khinet-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *nǝsa ( ~ -š-)
Meaning: 1 daughter-in-law 2 sister-in-law
Adyghe: nǝsa 1
Kabardian: nǝsa 1
Ubykh: nǝsá-ʁ 2
Comments: PAK *nǝsá. Shagirov 1, 288 supposes that the Ub. form is borrowed from Adygh (PAK *nǝsá-ʁʷǝ 'sister-in-law'); but this supposition does not explain loss of labialisation in Ub. It seems more probable that the Ub. and AK forms are genetically related. Despite Abdokov 1973, 62 the AK and Ub. words can not be related to Abkh. aca, Abaz. taca, Ub. śaśa 'bride, daughter-in-law' (see Shagirov ibid.). The Adygh forms were borrowed in Osset. (Dig.) nissä 'lady', Chan. nisaʁa, nusaʁa 'two daughters-in-law'. The latter form (undoubtedly borrowed < PAK *nǝsaʁʷǝ) makes it probable that other scattered Kartvelian forms (Georg. nusa-dia 'sister-in-law', Megr. nosa, nisa, Chan. nusa, nisa 'daughter-in-law') also have a WC origin.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *dus
Meaning: cousin (f.)
Ket: ám-duś (Werner 1, 33)
Comments: Werner 1, 33 (w.r.). Not clear is the term for cousin (m.): ám-dūń (see ibid.) - the loss of -s- and the addition of -ń is puzzling.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *-muśi
Meaning: bride in her father's house
Hunza: mū́(ỵ)-muśi
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : NVCV
Meaning : woman, female
Reference : ND 1567, 1575 with confusion (Kartv. *nusa and IE *snuso- are most probably borrowed < NC). globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-)
Meaning: female
Kartvelian: Georg. nezv- 'female animal'
References: ND 1575 *n̄iz[ʕ]u/ü 'female' (+ Arab.?). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1447
Proto: *nisV
English meaning: woman
German meaning: Weib, Frau
Saam (Lapp): niso ~ nissun (N) 'married woman', nisō, nisōi, nisōn, nisōv, nissun (L) 'Frau, Ehefrau', niezan (A) 'weibliche Person', ni̮zan (Kld.), ne͔ZZan (Not.) 'Weib'
Mordovian: ńizaka (E) 'Weibchen', ńiz-ańa (E) 'теща'
Addenda: (Koib. niáusa 'Weib' - rejected by Redei)
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-add,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *nisw-
Meaning: woman
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-lec,afaset-scu,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 3
Proto-Semitic: *nišw-
Meaning: 'woman'
Hebrew: nāš-īm (pl.) (KB, 729)
Aramaic: SML nšy, OLD nšwn, OFF nšy (HJ, 118)
Biblical Aramaic: nǝš-īn (KBg, 1670)
Judaic Aramaic: nǝš-īn (Ja., 937). The sing. nǝšā is also attested.
Syrian Aramaic: nešš-e (Brock., 450)
Arabic: niswat-, nuswat-, nisāʔ-, nis-ūna, niswān- (BK 2, 1254).
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-hbr,semet-arm,semet-bib,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-ara,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: nswy.t (NE)
Meaning: 'queen'
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *nis-
Meaning: 'female' (adj.)
Sha: nísí [JR]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-sha,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *nu/as-
Meaning: 'woman'
Tera: nušu [Nm]
Glavda: nùsà [Kr N 85]
Guduf: nɔ́sʌ̀ [CLR : 347]
Ngweshe: nášè [CLR]
Gava: nusà [Kr]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-ter,cchet-glv,cchet-gdf,cchet-gvo,cchet-gav,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *ʔa-nVs-
Meaning: 'sister'
Dasenech (Geleba): anso
Notes: *ʔa- is a prefix.
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-gel,lecet-notes,
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South Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-South Cushitic: *nas-
Meaning: 'woman'
Ma'a (Mbugu): naseta
Notes: Ehr HRSC 184
scuet-prnum,scuet-meaning,scuet-maa,scuet-notes,
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