Chinese characters :

Character: 星

Modern (Beijing) reading: xīng

Preclassic Old Chinese: shēŋ

Classic Old Chinese: shēŋ

Western Han Chinese: shēŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: shiēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: shiēŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shiēŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: shiēŋ

Middle Chinese: sieŋ

English meaning : star; asterism, constellation

Russian meaning[s]: 1) звезда; светило; небесное тело; 2) искра; крошечный; 3) разрозненный, разбросанный; 4) деление (на безмене); 5) Син (фамилия)

Comments: The character was also used in Early Zhou for another word, *ʒeŋ 'to become clear (of sky)' (MC ʒjeŋ, Mand. qíng, Viet. tình; despite Schüssler, this word is quite distinct etymologically from *shēŋ 'star'). Since Han this word was denoted by a different character, 晴. For the latter, standard Sino-Viet. is tình, but there also exists a colloquial loan from the same source, Viet. tạnh; for unaspirated *ʒ cf. Xiamen cĩ², Chaozhou cẽ², Fuzhou saŋ², ciaŋ², Jianou caŋ².

    For OC *sh- cf. Min forms: Xiamen chĩ¹, Chaozhou chẽ¹.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 396

Karlgren code: 0812 x-y

Vietnamese reading: tinh

Jianchuan Bai: śɛ̃4

Dali Bai: śer4

Bijiang Bai: śã4

Shijing occurrences: 21.1_, 21.2_, 50.3, 55.2_

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sēŋ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: star

Chinese: 星 *sēŋ star.

Lepcha: kŭr-sóŋ 1 bright, lucid, n.of 5th month 2 a planet 3 the morning star

Kiranti: *saŋ

Comments: Cf. also Aka *cVŋ 'star', Naga *cVŋ 'star, moon'.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *saŋ

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: star, ray

Tulung: ?sorluŋ (if < *saŋ-lur) (cf. also -suŋ in nep-suŋ sun) [Toba 96: swar]

Kaling: sɔŋ- in sɔŋgɔr star

Limbu: sāŋ ray, -se in khese star

Kulung: sɔŋ- in sɔŋger 'star'

Yamphu: saŋ- in saŋge 'star'

Comments: A difficult case. T sor- and L -se may also reflect a root *sǝr, cf. also T sor-pikiche 'star'. On the other hand, T sor may be < *soʔor < *saŋqar ( = Kal. sɔŋgɔr).

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: khɛse:ʔ

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: star

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: sɔNger

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: star

Nepali: tārā.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: saŋge

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: star.

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 763

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 星

MC description : 梗開四平青心

ZIHUI: 2502 2588

Beijing: śiŋ 11

Jinan: śiŋ 11

Xi'an: śiŋ 11

Taiyuan: śiŋ 1

Hankou: śin 11

Chengdu: śin 11

Yangzhou: śĩ 11

Suzhou: sin 11

Wenzhou: seŋ 11

Changsha: sin 11

Shuangfeng: śin 11 (lit.); śiõ 11

Nanchang: śin 11 (lit.); śiaŋ 11

Meixian: sɛn 11

Guangzhou: šîŋ 11

Xiamen: sîŋ 11 (lit.); chĩ 12

Chaozhou: chẽ 11

Fuzhou: siŋ 11

Shanghai: siŋ 1

Zhongyuan yinyun: siǝŋ 1

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ciŋwV

Meaning: star

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Sino-Tibetan: *sēŋ

Burushaski: *así[m]

Comments and references : LDC 27; different in HGC 22.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *así[m]

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: star

Yasin: asúmun

Hunza: asií

Nagar: asií

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVNV

Meaning : burn, shine

Eurasiatic : *Cajŋa ?

Afroasiatic : *zVnzVn- 'burn, heat, charcoal' (Eg., Ar., Berb.)

Sino-Caucasian : *SVŋV

Amerind (misc.) : *(a)sin 'star' (R 688)

Reference : ND 2736.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ʒajŋa ?

Meaning: burn, shine

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: (*senk- 'to burn, dry')

Altaic: *ǯi̯àjna

Uralic: *śine (cf. also *säŋV)

Dravidian: *ǯaŋ- (?)

Eskimo-Aleut: *anǝʁ ?

References: ND 2736 *ʒ́En̄V 'to burn, live coal, fire' (Alt., Ur.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ǯi̯àjnà

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to burn; ashes, tar

Russian meaning: гореть; зола, деготь

Turkic: *jan-, *jan-tɨr-

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯian-

Korean: *čắi

Japanese: *dànì

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 287. Medial *-j- accounts for loss of *-n- in Kor.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *jan-, *jan-tɨr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to burn (itr.), blaze up 2 to burn (tr.) 3 to kindle 4 to shine

Russian meaning: 1 гореть, загораться 2 жечь 3 зажигать 4 светить

Karakhanid: jan- 1 (MK)

Turkish: jan- 1

Tatar: jan- 1, jandɨr- 2

Middle Turkic: jan- 1 (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: jɔn- 1

Uighur: jan- 1 (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: jan- 1, jandɨr- 2

Turkmen: jan- 1

Chuvash: śon- 1, śondar- 2

Yakut: san-dār- 4

Kirghiz: ǯan- 1

Kazakh: žan- 1

Noghai: jan- 1, jandɨr- 2

Bashkir: jan- 1

Balkar: žan- 1

Gagauz: jan- 1

Karaim: jan- 1

Karakalpak: žan- 1

Kumyk: jan- 1

Comments: VEWT 184, EDT 942, 947-948, ЭСТЯ 4, 112, Федотов 2, 136, Лексика 362.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ǯian-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to burn, blaze 2 to extinguish 3 to heat 4 torch 5 glowing coals

Russian meaning: 1 пылать 2 тушить 3 топить 4 факел 5 жар, горящие угли

Evenki: ǯānŋe- 1

Literary Manchu: jaŋGa 4

Orok: dandallị- 2

Nanai: jaŋGoŕa- 3

Udighe: ǯaŋa 5

Comments: ТМС 1,249,342. A specific development of the initial *ǯ- in Manchu and Nanai is probably conditioned by its position before the diphthong *ia.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *čắi

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: ashes

Russian meaning: зола, пепел

Modern Korean: čä

Middle Korean: čắi

Comments: Nam 418, KED 1409.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *dànì

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tar, pitch

Russian meaning: смола, деготь

Old Japanese: jani

Middle Japanese: jànì

Tokyo: yaní

Kyoto: yánì

Kagoshima: yaní

Comments: JLTT 573.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 979

Proto: *śine

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: charcoal

German meaning: Holzkohle

Saam (Lapp): čidnâ -n- (N) 'charcoal' ?

Hungarian: szén (acc. szenet) 'Kohle; Feuer, Glühfeuer' ?

Sammalahti's version: *s'iini

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *ǯaŋ- (?)

Meaning : moon

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ǯaŋ-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ǯaŋ-

Notes : A Naiki-Gondi isogloss.

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ǯaŋ-

Meaning : moon

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Naiki : jaŋgo

Number in DED : 2287

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ǯaŋ-

Meaning : moon

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *ǯaŋ-

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *ǯaŋ-

Meaning : moon

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Yeotmal Gondi : jaŋo

Additional forms : Also Gondi_Hislop jango id.

Number in DED : 2287

Number in CVOTGD : 1379

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *anǝʁ

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: spark, fire

Russian meaning: искра, огонь

Proto-Yupik: *anǝʁ- (-iʁ-)

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *anǝʁ- (-iʁ-)

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: spark, fire

Russian Meaning: искра, огонь

Sirenik: anǝ́χ 'fire, spark', aníχqǝtá 'candle'

Chaplino: anǝ́q (ʁǝt) 'spark', ánaq* 'fire', anīχqun, anixkun* 'candle'

Naukan: ánǝq 'spark', anéquq 'to sparkle'

Chugach (Birket-Smith): anạʁqānạq 'white', 'white whale'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 28

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