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Chinese characters :
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Character: 心
Modern (Beijing) reading: xīn
Preclassic Old Chinese: sǝm
Classic Old Chinese: sǝm
Western Han Chinese: sǝm
Eastern Han Chinese: sjǝm
Early Postclassic Chinese: sjim
Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjim
Late Postclassic Chinese: sjim
Middle Chinese: sjim
English meaning : heart, mind
Russian meaning[s]: 1) сердце; душа, дух; всем сердцем, всей душой; 2) ум, разум; мысль; воля; чувства; желания; настроения, намерения; 3) центр, середина; 4) колючка (дерева)
Shuowen gloss: 人心.土臧也.在身之中.象形.博士說以為火臧.凡心之屬皆從心. [501]
Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is tâm.
Radical: 61
Four-angle index: 8334
Karlgren code: 0663 a-b
Vietnamese reading: tim
Jianchuan Bai: śĩ4
Dali Bai: śi5
Bijiang Bai: sẽ4
Shijing occurrences: 7.3_, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 26.2, 26.3, 26.4, 26.5, 27.1, 27.2, 27.4, 28.3_, 28.4, 30.1, 31.2, 32.1_, 32.4_, 33.2_, 35.1_, 35.2, 40.1, 44.1, 50.3, 54.1
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *siǝm
Meaning: heart, soul, think
Tibetan: sem(s) soul, sem(s) (p. sems, bsams, f. bsam, i. som) to think, bsam thought, thinking.
Burmese: simh be in the charge of, conceive (Luce).
Lushai: thiam to know.
Lepcha: a-sóm spirit, breath
Comments: Mantshati sem; Thebor sĭm; Kanauri sŏmzĕa; Rgyarung -sems-; Bahing sam breath, life. Simon 23; Sh. 37, 52, 135; Ben. 51; Luce 44.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *sä̀m
Meaning: breath, spirit
Tulung: sam breath, steam, sound
Kaling: säm steam, vapour, essence, sämnä (sämu) to steam
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: sam
Grammar: n.
Meaning: consciousness, spirit
Comments: Nep. sāto; cf. hɔNsa. limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-comments,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: sam
Grammar: n.
Meaning: spirit, mood
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-comments,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: cham
Grammar: n.
Meaning: song
Nepali: gīt.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: semjama
Stem: <semja- ; semja- ; semja:->
Grammar: v.intr.
Meaning: a) to be frightened, to get a fright; b) to shy away, e.g. from teasing.
Nepali: tarsāunu
yamet-prnum,yamet-stem,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-nepali,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 91
Character: 心
MC description : 深開三平侵心
ZIHUI: 1800 2135
Beijing: śin 11
Jinan: śiẽ 11
Xi'an: śiẽ 11
Taiyuan: śiŋ 1
Hankou: śin 11
Chengdu: śin 11
Yangzhou: śĩ 11
Suzhou: sin 11
Wenzhou: saŋ 11
Changsha: sin 11
Shuangfeng: śin 11
Nanchang: śin 11
Meixian: sim 11
Guangzhou: šam 11
Xiamen: sim 11
Chaozhou: sim 11
Fuzhou: siŋ 11
Shanghai: siŋ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: siǝm 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *sḗħmV
Meaning: intestine, vein
Comments and references : Differently in HGC 20, NSC 62; BCD 32. sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *s_ēħmV / *ħēms_V
Meaning: muscle, vein; intestine
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Except for the metathesis, correspondences are quite regular. Cf. also HU: Urart. u/ošm-ašǝ 'force, strength' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 23).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-darg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *samV-ḳ (~ -ā-)
Meaning: sausage made of a large intestine
Chechen: samg
Comments: Attested only in Chech., but having probable external parallels.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *s:iʔV (~š:-)
Meaning: sinew, muscle
Akhvakh: s:e
Chamalal: s:ē
Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. s:ē / s:ej id.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ʕems:
Meaning: muscle
Akusha: ʕems
Comments: Cf. also Tsud. ʕims, Kait. pl. ʕims-ni.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *-́so[m]
Meaning: kidney
Hunza: -́so, pl. -́somuc
Nagar: -́so, pl. -́somuc
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *sain
Meaning: 1 vein 2 root (of plant) 3 nerve 4 root (of hair)
Araban: {çayna} 3
Bizkaian: zan 1
Gipuzkoan: zain (zaiñ) 1, 2, 4
High Navarrese: zain (zaiñ) 1, 2, 3
Low Navarrese: zain 1, 2, 3
Lapurdian: zain 1, 2
Zuberoan: zãñ 1, 2, 3
Roncalese: zain 1, 2, 3
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-arb,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,
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