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Chinese characters :
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Character: 研
Modern (Beijing) reading: yán
Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋhēn
Classic Old Chinese: ŋhēn
Western Han Chinese: ŋhjān
Eastern Han Chinese: ŋhiān
Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋhiēn
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋhiēn
Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋhiēn
Middle Chinese: ŋien
English meaning : to grind, polish; to explore
Russian meaning[s]: 1) доискиваться; вникать, изучать; 2) растирать; тонко раскатывать; [yàn] тушечница; растирать тушь, см. 硯
Comments: Attested as early as in Yijing (in the meaning 'explore, investigate'), but absent from Schüssler's dictionary. There is also a reading *ŋhēn-s, MC ŋìen, Mand. yàn 'a device for grinding ink', first attested during Han and more frequently written as 硯 (with Min reflexes: Xiamen hĩ6, Chaozhou ĩ6, Fuzhou ŋieŋ5). Viet. has also a colloquial reading nghiến, but standard Sino-Viet. is nghiên with the 1st tone (all three readings are very much confused in Viet.). For *ŋh- cf. Xiamen gian1, Fuzhou ŋieŋ1, ŋieŋ5, Meixian ŋan1.
Radical: 112
Four-angle index: 2349
Karlgren code: 0239 g-h
Vietnamese reading: nghiền
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,
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Number: 818
Character: 研
MC description : 山開四平先疑
ZIHUI: 4282 1905
Beijing: ian 12
Jinan: iã 12
Xi'an: iã 12
Taiyuan: iɛ XH
Hankou: nian 11
Chengdu: ńian 11
Yangzhou: î̃ 12
Suzhou: ńî 12
Wenzhou: ńi 11
Changsha: ńiẽ 11
Shuangfeng: ńî̃ 11
Nanchang: ńiɛn 11; ńiɛn 2
Meixian: ŋan 11
Guangzhou: jin 12
Xiamen: gian 2
Chaozhou: ŋieŋ 32
Fuzhou: ŋieŋ 2
Shanghai: ńî 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: ien 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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