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Chinese characters :
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Character: 首
Modern (Beijing) reading: shǒu
Preclassic Old Chinese: sluʔ
Classic Old Chinese: l̥ú
Western Han Chinese: l̥ǝ́w
Eastern Han Chinese: śǝ́w
Early Postclassic Chinese: śíw
Middle Postclassic Chinese: śǝ́w
Late Postclassic Chinese: śǝ́w
Middle Chinese: śǝ́w
English meaning : head
Russian meaning[s]: 1) голова; глава; лидер, предводитель; первый; быть первым; старший; возглавлять, стоять во главе; 2) прежде всего, сначала; на первых порах; 3) глава, отрывок (в книге); 4) счетный суффикс стихотворений; [shǒu shòu] явиться с повинной; признать себя виновным; покаяться
Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is thu`. Cf. perhaps also Viet. sọ 'cranium, skull'.
Radical: 185
Four-angle index: 1712
Karlgren code: 1102 a-c
Vietnamese reading: so`
Shijing occurrences: 42.1, 57.2
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-shijing,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lŭH
Meaning: head
Lushai: lu the head.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-lush,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 872
Character: 首
MC description : 流開三上有書
ZIHUI: 7445 1543
Beijing: ṣou 2
Jinan: ṣou 2
Xi'an: ṣou 2
Taiyuan: sou 2
Hankou: sou 2
Chengdu: sǝu 2
Yangzhou: sôɨ 2
Suzhou: söy 2
Wenzhou: śiu 21
Changsha: ṣôu 2
Shuangfeng: śiû 2
Nanchang: sǝu 2
Meixian: su 2
Guangzhou: šau 21
Xiamen: siu 2
Chaozhou: siu 21
Fuzhou: sieu 2
Shanghai: sôɨ 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: šiou 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *wĕnƛ̣V́
Meaning: head
Comments and references : HGC 19. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *wĕnƛ̣V
Meaning: beak; horn; head
Notes: Reconstructed for PEC. Some languages (Av., PL, Khin.) reflect a suffixed form *wĕnƛ̣V-lV̄.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *marʎo
Meaning: nose
Chechen: mara
Ingush: meraž
Batsbi: marʎŏ
Comments: Obl. base *marʎi- (cf. Chech. mera-, Ing. mera-ž - originally a suffixed form; cf. also Bacb. majrʎa < *marʎi-ja "face"). 6th class in chech, Bacb., but 4th class in Ing. Cf. also Shar., Itumk. marhŏ "nose".
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *buƛ̣V (~ *biƛ̣ʷV)
Meaning: 1 head 2 horn
Avar: beṭér 1
Chadakolob: beṭer 1
Karata: buƛ̣a 2
Comments: Av. paradigm B ( boṭró-l, buṭrú-l; Chad. boṭró-l, boṭró-l). Cf. also Kar. Anch. bulʔa, Chab. buṭa "horn".
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *bõƛ̣V A
Meaning: 1 beak 2 mouth, lip
Tsezi: buƛ̣i 1
Ginukh: miƛ̣u 1
Khvarshi: maƛ̣u (Radzhibov)
Inkhokvari: maIƛ̣u 2
Bezhta: moƛ̣o 1
Gunzib: moƛ̣o 1
Comments: PTsKh *bũƛ̣V (in Inkh., Khvarsh. and Gin. one must suppose a vowel metathesis); PGB *mɨƛ̣o. Pharyngealized articulation recorded sometimes in Cez. (buIƛ̣i) and Inkh. (maIƛ̣u) must be secondary. Cf. also Gin. miƛ̣o-qoju 'bridle' = Tsez. moIƛ̣o-qow id. (preserving nasalisation).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: baḳ
Meaning: head
Lak form: baḳ
Comments: 4th class. Khosr. baḳ (3d class). An archaic obl. stem *wVḳV-rV- > ḳara- can be seen in the derivate ḳara-lu (Khosr. ḳaralu) 'pillow' (lit. "under head").
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *beḳ
Meaning: head
Akusha: beḳ
Chiragh: beḳ
Comments: Cf. also Ur., Kub. biḳ etc.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *woƛ̣ul
Meaning: head
Lezghian: q̇il
Tabasaran: ḳul
Agul: ḳil
Rutul: uq̇ul
Tsakhur: wuq̇ul
Kryz: q̇ɨl
Budukh: q̇ɨl
Archi: ƛ̣il-li-ƛ̣
Udi: bul
Comment: The initial syllable vanished in the weak position in most languages, but is preserved in Tsakh., Rut. (uq̇ul, huq̇ul or q̇ul in different dialects) and Ud. (where bul < *buʔul < *woƛ̣ul; cf. also *woƛ̣V-rV > Ud. ber 'pillow'). The Archi form is an original locative and means 'under the head'; PL *ƛ̣ should have given Arch. ḳ, but has been preserved in this exceptional form as a result of assimilation with the sublative *-ƛ̣:. The word belongs uniformly to the 3d class (in Rut., Tsakh., Kryz. and Bud.) See Талибов 1960а, 295; Лексика 1971, 107; Гигинейшвили 1977, 69.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: miḳir
North Caucasian etymology: 52
Meaning: head
Khinalug form: miḳir
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *-múltur
Meaning: nostril
Hunza: -múltur
Nagar: -múltur
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *mutu-r̄
Meaning: 1 snout, muzzle 2 end, edge
Bizkaian: mutur 1, 2
Gipuzkoan: mutur 1
High Navarrese: mutur 1
Low Navarrese: muthur 1, (Aldude) 1, 2
Salazarese: mutur 1
Lapurdian: muthur 1, 2
Baztanese: mutur 1, 2
Aezkoan: mutur 1
Zuberoan: mǘthür 1
Roncalese: mutur 1
Comments: Phonetic development seems to have been *murtu-r̄ > *mutur̄, with dissimilation. Cf. *mutil < *murti-l. *mutu-r̄ is a distinct etymon from *muśtu-r̄, q.v.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : WVNLV
Meaning : head
globet-meaning,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-reference,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *lU
Meaning: head
Proto-Austroasiatic: *Cǝlǝ Austroasiatic meaning: head
Miao-Yao parallels: *lo mouth?
Proto-Austronesian: *qulu
Austronesian meaning: head
Austronesian code: 19:81
Proto-Thai: klau.C head
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-ancode,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *lǝ
Meaning: head
Thai: klau.C head
Proto-Palaungic: VIII khlaʔ.55
Proto-Khmu: *lǝʔ
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kat,aaet-kmr,aaet-pawa,aaet-kmu,
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Katuic etymology :
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Proto-Katuic: *lʌ
Meaning: head
Presyllable: pǝ-
References: P-382; TK5.73
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,
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West Katuic etymology :
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Proto-West Katuic: *lǝ
Meaning: head
Presyllable: pǝ-
Bru Van Keu: plǝ.T
Bru Van Keu meaning: head
So: plʌ.N
So meaning: the head
Bru: phlʌ:.N
Bru meaning: the head
Sou: plǝ:
Kui: plâ:.N
Kui meaning: head, skull
Kuay: plâ:.N
Kuay meaning: head
Ngeu: plâ:.N
Ngeu meaning: head
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-vkv,wkatet-vkvme,wkatet-so,wkatet-some,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,wkatet-sou,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,wkatet-kuay,wkatet-kuayme,wkatet-ngeu,wkatet-nyeume,
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East Katuic etymology :
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Proto-East Katuic: *lʌ
Meaning: head
Presyllable: pǝ-
Pakoh: plo:.L
Pakoh meaning: head
Taojh: plu:
Taojh meaning: head (PT-147); plɔ: (VL)
Lao Katu: plo
Lao Katu meaning: head
Ngeq: plǝ
Ngeq meaning: head
Chatong: plǝ:
Kantu dialects: pla:w
Triw: plʌ:
Dakkan dialects (1): plʌ:
Dakkan dialects (2): plǝ:
Dakkan meaning: head
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,ekatet-tao,ekatet-taome,ekatet-lka,ekatet-lkame,ekatet-nge,ekatet-ngeme,ekatet-ct,ekatet-kntt,ekatet-tr,ekatet-dkl,ekatet-dkk,ekatet-dkme,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: rǝla:
Old Khmer: rla:
Old Khmer Meaning: skull
References: P410
kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-ref,
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