Chinese characters : List with all references

Character: 將

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiàng jiāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćaŋ ćaŋs

Classic Old Chinese: caŋ

Western Han Chinese: caŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: cjaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjaŋ

Middle Chinese: cjaŋ cjàŋ

English meaning : to take smth. or smb. along, to lead along; intend to; to take, hold, support; to go with, lead on, advance; course

Russian meaning[s]: 1) полководец; генерал; высший комсостав; командовать войсками, предводительствовать, вести; 2) король (в шахматах); [jiāng] 1) в будущем; вот-вот; сейчас же; показатель будущего времени; 2) показатель объекта действия на месте перед сказуемым, ср. 把; 3) брать, держать, нести; 4) вести, стоять во главе; 5) объявлять шах; 6) близко к...; безмалого; 7) только что; только-только; 8) или же, либо же; 9) и (союз); 10) суффикс усиления действия; 11) подносить, подавать; 12) поддерживать, помогать; 13) кормить, содержать; 14) отдыхать; [qiāng] просить

Shuowen gloss: 帥也.從寸.醬省聲. [121]

Comments: Used also for *ćaŋ 'be great, grand, strong' (for etymology see 且); *ćaŋ 'to offer, offering' (perhaps a variation of the basic meaning); *ćhaŋ, MC chjaŋ (FQ JY 千羊), Mand. qiāng 'to beg, pray, ask'. Since Late Zhou a derivate is also attested: *ćaŋ-s, MC cjàŋ (FQ 子亮), Mand. jiàng, Viet. tú'o'ng 'army-leader, general'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 41

Four-angle index: 3202

Karlgren code: 0727 f

Vietnamese reading: tu'o'ng

Shijing occurrences: 4.2_, 12.2_, 28.2_, 38.1, 58.1

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ćăŋ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bring, arrange

Chinese: 將 *ćaŋ bring, offer; take; arrange.

Tibetan: ãćhaŋ (p. bćaŋs, f. bćaŋ, i. ćhoŋ(s)) to hold, to keep; to carry; to wear.

Burmese: ćhaŋ to make, construct, arrange.

Kachin: (H) kǝǯaŋ, lǝǯaŋ to arrange.

Lushai: čaŋ (čan) receive or get.

Comments: Coblin 94. Cf. Yamphu caŋma 'to bring or take smth. out'.

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 1141

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 將

MC description : A: 宕開三平陽精; B: 宕開三去漾精

ZIHUI: A: 1412 2324; B: 1412 2333

Beijing: A: ćiaŋ 11; B: ćiaŋ 3

Jinan: A: ćiaŋ 11; B: ćiaŋ 3

Xi'an: A: ćiaŋ 11; B: ćiaŋ 3

Taiyuan: A: ćia_̃ 1; B: ćia_̃ 3

Hankou: A: ćiaŋ 11; B: ćiaŋ 3

Chengdu: A: ćiaŋ 11; B: ćiaŋ 3

Yangzhou: A: ćiâŋ 11; B: ćiâŋ 3

Suzhou: A: ciaŋ 11; B: ciaŋ 31

Wenzhou: A: ći 11; B: ći 31

Changsha: A: cian 11; B: cian 31

Shuangfeng: A: ćiaŋ 11; B: ćiaŋ 31

Nanchang: A: ćiɔŋ 11; B: ćiɔŋ 31

Meixian: A: ciɔŋ 11; B: ciɔŋ 3

Guangzhou: A: ; B: čö_ŋ 31

Xiamen: A: ciɔŋ 11 (lit.); ciũ 11; B: ciɔŋ 31 (lit.); ciaŋ 31

Chaozhou: A: ciaŋ 11; B: ciaŋ 31

Fuzhou: A: cuɔŋ 11; B: cuɔŋ 31

Shanghai: A: ćiã 1; B: ciã 1

Zhongyuan yinyun: A: ciaŋ 1; B: ciaŋ 3

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=āčẮŋ-

Meaning: to pull, lead

North Caucasian: *=āčĂn

Sino-Tibetan: *ćăŋ

Yenisseian: *čāŋ-

Basque: *haśi

Comments and references : HGC 37, WFR 131. Length in PY is probably compensatory.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=āčĂn

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to go, to lead

Proto-Nakh: *q-āč-

Proto-Avaro-Andian: =ičVn- / =ačVn-

Proto-Lak: =ači-

Proto-West Caucasian: *ća (~*č-)

Notes: Correspondences are regular, and the etymology seems reliable.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *q-āč-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to arrive

Chechen: qāč-

Ingush: qač-

Batsbi: qač-

Comments: q- is an old preverb.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=ičVn- / =ačVn-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to lead

Avar: =áč-ine

Chamalal: =ačī-

Godoberi: =ečĩ-

Lak etymology :

Lak root: =ači-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to go, be heading (somewhere)

Lak form: =ači-n

Comments: G. pr. =a=ču-nu. Cf. Khosr. =a=či-n id.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ća (~*č-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to go, walk

Abkhaz: a-ca-rá

Abaza: ca-ra

Comments: PAT *ća (cf. also Bz. a-ća-rá). The verb can also be used with a causative meaning (Abkh. a-t-ca-rá, Bzyb. a-t-ća-rá 'to drive out, expel' etc.). It is somewhat suspicious that the causative form does not have the usual causative prefix -r(ǝ)- in Abkh.: this could mean that we deal here in fact with a different verbal root, which could be compared to PEC *=Vc̣V 'to drive' (q.v.).