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Chinese characters :
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Character: 敦
Modern (Beijing) reading: dūn
Preclassic Old Chinese: tūr
Classic Old Chinese: tūn
Western Han Chinese: tūn
Eastern Han Chinese: tūn
Early Postclassic Chinese: tūn
Middle Postclassic Chinese: tūn
Late Postclassic Chinese: tūn
Middle Chinese: ton
English meaning : be thick, ample, generous; to consider thick, weighty; to mass, mass troops, heap on, put pressure on
Russian meaning[s]: 1) щедрый; большой; увеличивать; 2) искренний, сердечный; честный; 3) подлинный, настоящий; 4) укреплять; 5) Дунь (фамилия); [dùn] хаос; хаотический; [duī] торопить, понуждать; [duì] древн. сосуд (для проса)
Comments: There also exists a variant (dialectal) MC reading toj (Go tai, Kan tui) id.; another attested reading is OC *dōr, MC dwân, Pek. tuán 'be plentiful'.
Radical: 66
Four-angle index: 6188
Karlgren code: 0464 p-q
Go-on: ton
Kan-on: ton
Shijing occurrences: 40.3_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-shijing,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tūr ( ~ d-)
Meaning: thick
Tibetan: ãdur thick and clammy, thor the growing fat of cows etc.
Burmese: thu be thick, not thin, LB *thu.
Kachin: dau1 thick ( < Burm. ?).
Lepcha: thor to be plump as child, to be full-bodied as fruit, rice; thyor to be fat, flabby
Comments: Bodo gudú thick. Ben. 69; Mat. 165. GE 66 compares PA *-tul 'thick' (source?).
stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1400
Character: 敦
MC description : 臻合一平魂端
ZIHUI: 2415 2153
Beijing: tuǝn 11
Jinan: tuẽ 11
Xi'an: tuẽ 11
Taiyuan: tuŋ 1
Hankou: tǝn 11
Chengdu: tǝn 11
Yangzhou: tǝn 11
Suzhou: tǝn 11
Wenzhou: tö 11
Changsha: tǝn 11
Shuangfeng: tuǝn 11
Nanchang: tǝn 11
Meixian: tun 11
Guangzhou: tö_n 11
Xiamen: tun 11
Chaozhou: tuŋ 11
Fuzhou: tuŋ 11
Shanghai: tǝŋ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: tuǝn 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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