Chinese characters : List with all references

Character: 曾

Modern (Beijing) reading: zēng céng

Preclassic Old Chinese: cǝ̄ŋ

Classic Old Chinese: cǝ̄ŋ

Western Han Chinese: cǝ̄ŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: cǝ̄ŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: cʌŋ

English meaning : late, remote

Russian meaning[s]: 1) прибавлять, увеличивать; 2) Цзэн (фамилия); [céng] некогда, когда-то, в свое время; указывает на неоднократное (в прошлом) совершение действия

Comments: Sch.: "The character also occurs in Shi 255 at the beginning of lines, its meaning is not clear; although it is often glossed by zé 則 (*ćǝ̄k), it can not be its synonym. Perhaps *cǝ̄ŋ was simply meant to represent *ʒǝ̄ŋ" - which is the second reading of the character 曾. As for *ʒǝ̄ŋ (MC ʒʌŋ, Mand. céŋ), its "meaning is much debated, perhaps - 'always, ever' with past tense". For *ʒ cf. Xiamen ciŋ², Chaozhou, Fuzhou ceŋ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 73

Four-angle index: 1525

Karlgren code: 0884 a-b

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *c[ɨ̄]ŋ (~ʒh-)

Meaning: pair

Chinese: 曾 *cǝ̄ŋ add; double.

Tibetan: zuŋ a pair, couple, mchuŋs similar, like, equal.

Burmese: ćhaŋʔ to place one upon another.

Comments: Kanauri söŋ. Sh 52.

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 1411

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 曾

MC description : A: 曾開一平登精; B: 曾開一平登從

ZIHUI: A: 2582 2451; B: 2582 2453

Beijing: A: cǝŋ 11; B: chǝŋ 12

Jinan: A: cǝŋ 11; B: chǝŋ 12

Xi'an: A: cǝŋ 11; B: chǝŋ 12

Taiyuan: A: cǝŋ 1; B: chǝŋ 1

Hankou: A: cǝn 11; B: chǝn 12

Chengdu: A: cǝn 11; B: chǝn 12

Yangzhou: A: cǝn 11; B: chǝn 12

Suzhou: A: cǝn 11; B: zǝn 12

Wenzhou: A: caŋ 11; B: zaŋ 12

Changsha: A: cǝn 11; B: cǝn 12

Shuangfeng: A: ćiɛ̃ 11; B: ʒ́iɛ̃ 12

Nanchang: A: cɛn 11; B: chɛn 12

Meixian: A: cɛn 11; B: chɛn 12

Guangzhou: A: čaŋ 11; B: čhaŋ 12

Xiamen: A: cîŋ 11; B: cîŋ 12

Chaozhou: A: caŋ 11; B: cheŋ 11

Fuzhou: A: ceiŋ 11; B: cheiŋ 12

Shanghai: A: cǝŋ 1; B: zǝŋ 32

Zhongyuan yinyun: A: cǝŋ 1; B: chǝŋ 12

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