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Chinese characters :
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Character: 先
Modern (Beijing) reading: xiān
Preclassic Old Chinese: sǝ̄r
Classic Old Chinese: sǝ̄n
Western Han Chinese: sǝ̄n
Eastern Han Chinese: sǝ̄n
Early Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄n
Middle Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄n
Late Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄n
Middle Chinese: sien
English meaning : to go in front, go ahead; before, former
Russian meaning[s]: 1) прежний; давний; прежде, раньше; впереди; предшествующий; предыдущий; послелог в обстоятельствах времени до, перед тем, как, вм. 前; 2) предшественники; предки; скончавшийся, покойный; 3) заблаговременно, предварительно, заранее; накануне, перед; раньше всех; опередить, сделать заранее; 4) господин, вм. 先生; 5) cокр. шиллинг; 6) 1-е число (в телеграммах); 7) Сянь (фамилия)
Comments: Also read *sǝ̄r-s, MC sìen (FQ 蘇佃) id. In OC the word must have been homonymous with 西 *sǝ̄r 'west' (MC siej in the latter case must be a dialectal development) q.v.
Radical: 10
Four-angle index: 7345
Karlgren code: 0478 a-e
Shijing occurrences: 28.4
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *śǝ̄r
Meaning: front, sunrise / sunset
Tibetan: śar east, śar-ba rise (of the sun etc.).
Comments: PG *śVr; Rawang nam-sarr sunrise; Trung čar1. Sh. 403; Ben. 28. Cf. also Burm. hrijʔ before, front, ǝhrijʔ east.
stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-comments,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 227
Character: 先
MC description : 山開四平先心
ZIHUI: 0341 1875
Beijing: śian 11
Jinan: śiã 11
Xi'an: śiã 11
Taiyuan: śiɛ 1
Hankou: śian 11
Chengdu: śian 11
Yangzhou: śĩ 11
Suzhou: sî 11
Wenzhou: śi 11
Changsha: siẽ 11
Shuangfeng: śî̃ 11
Nanchang: śiɛn 11
Meixian: siɛn 11
Guangzhou: šin 11
Xiamen: sian 11 (lit.); sin 11
Chaozhou: soĩ 11
Fuzhou: sieŋ 11
Shanghai: sî 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: sien 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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