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Chinese characters :
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Character: 塵
Modern (Beijing) reading: chén
Preclassic Old Chinese: drǝn
Classic Old Chinese: drin
Western Han Chinese: ḍjǝn
Eastern Han Chinese: ḍǝn
Early Postclassic Chinese: ḍin
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ḍin
Late Postclassic Chinese: ḍin
Middle Chinese: ḍin
English meaning : dust
Russian meaning[s]: 1) пыль; покрываться пылью; 2) мирская суета; мирской, суетный; пошлость; 3) след (ноги); 4) уст. давно, долго
Comments: For *d- cf. Xiamen tin2, Chaozhou, Fuzhou tiŋ2, Jianou tɛiŋ2.
Radical: 32
Four-angle index: 232
Karlgren code: 0374 a
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tɨ̄̆ɫ (~d-; r-)
Meaning: dust
Tibetan: rdul dust.
Lushai: (?) dōl soil, refuse etc. banked up against a fence.
Comments: Simon 28; Coblin 68.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *tòl
Meaning: dirt
Tulung: töl unlaid eggs of killed chicken
Kaling: twɔl tonsil, stye, sore in the eye
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ƛwV́ɫʔV
Meaning: mould, sludge, dust
Comments and references : BCD 22. Cf. PAA *tɨl 'sand, soil'.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ_wĕɫʔĕ ( ~ -ă)
Meaning: mould
Notes: An Av.-And.-Lezg. isogloss. For the specific development of *ƛw cf. comments to PEC *lɨ̆nƛ_wē 'pigeon'.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *k:olHV ( ~ -a-)
Meaning: mould
Avar: k:al
Chadakolob: ḳel (?)
Akhvakh: xali
Karata: k:al
Godoberi: ḱ:aji-χ:ir
Comments: Cf. also Kar. Tok. xali id. The cluster *-lH- is suggested by a special development in the suffixed God. form: ḱ:aji < *k:alHi. The MSU recording ḳel (Gen. ḳelí-l) in Av. Chad. is rather strange (kel would be expected).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-akv,aandet-krt,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʎʷela ( ~ -l:-)
Meaning: 1 mould 2 boil, furuncle
Lezghian: xʷel 2
Rutul: xul 1
Tsakhur: xɨwa 1
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Kur. faIl 'boile, furuncle'; Tsakh. Gelm. xowa 'mould'. 4th class in Rut. and Tsakh.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔuʔl (~x-)
Meaning: sludge
Ket: uʔĺ
Yug: uʔl
Comments: ССЕ 199. Werner 2, 376 *uʔl.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,
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