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Chinese characters :
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Character: 擔
Modern (Beijing) reading: dān
Preclassic Old Chinese: tām
Classic Old Chinese: tām
Western Han Chinese: tām
Eastern Han Chinese: tām
Early Postclassic Chinese: tām
Middle Postclassic Chinese: tām
Late Postclassic Chinese: tām
Middle Chinese: tâm
English meaning : to carry on the shoulders [L.Zhou]
Russian meaning[s]: 1) нести (на плечах); 2) нести ответственность; брать на себя; 3) признать (вину)
Comments: Also read *tām-s, MC tầm, Mand. dàn 'burden; responsibility'. The character is also used for OC (L.Chou) *dams, MC ʒ́èm, Mand. shàn 'to borrow, loan'.
Radical: 64
Four-angle index: 1165
Karlgren code: 0619 k
Vietnamese reading: d_a`m
Jianchuan Bai: tã4
Dali Bai: ta5
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[t]ām
Meaning: carry on the shoulder, support
Tibetan: stem (p. stems) to hold, to support.
Burmese: thamh to bear or carry on the shoulder.
Lushai: dōm to support (from below), dom to hold, hold up.
Comments: With a shift 'shoulder' > 'breast' cf. perhaps Dhimal tum-ta, Konyak tɨm 'breast' (?)
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 2154
Character: 擔
MC description : A: 咸開一平談端; B: 咸開一去闞端
ZIHUI: A: 2137 1657; B: 2137 1662
Beijing: A: tan 11; B: tan 3
Jinan: A: tã 11; B: tã 3
Xi'an: A: tã 11; B: tã 3
Taiyuan: A: tä̃ 1; B: tä̃ 3
Hankou: A: tan 11; B: tan 3
Chengdu: A: tan 11; B: tan 3
Yangzhou: A: tɛ̃ 11; B: tɛ̃ 3
Suzhou: A: te_ 11; B: te_ 31
Wenzhou: A: ta 11; B: ta 31
Changsha: A: tan 11; B: tan 31
Shuangfeng: A: tã 11; B: tã 31
Nanchang: A: tan 11; B: tan 31
Meixian: A: tam 11; B: tam 11
Guangzhou: A: tān 11; B: tām 31
Xiamen: A: tam 31 (lit.); tã 31; B: tam 31 (lit.); tã 31
Chaozhou: A: tã 11; B: tã 31
Fuzhou: A: taŋ 11; B: taŋ 31
Shanghai: A: te_ 1; B: te_ 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: A: tam 1; B: tam 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ṭʕǟmV
Meaning: wing, shoulder
Comments and references : WFR 86.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ṭʕǟmV
Meaning: wing
Notes: Correspondences are regular, and the etymology seems quite reliable. The Lak. forms provide a bridge between the basic meaning 'wing' and the derived (often with expressive reduplication) meaning 'butterfly'.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ṭʕām
Meaning: wing
Chechen: ṭam
Ingush: ṭq̇am
Comments: 6th class in Chech. and Ing. Obl. stem *ṭʕāmu- (Chech. ṭōma-, Ing. - with vowel levelling - ṭq̇amo). Cf. also Shar. ṭʕām, Akk. ṭq̇am.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ṭimiṭara
Meaning: butterfly
Akhvakh: ṭimiṭara (Ratl.)
Comments: An isolated Akhv. word, but with probable external parallels.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-akv,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: ṭimu
Meaning: feather
Lak form: ṭimu
Comments: 4th class. Cf. also Khosr. ṭimiṭaj (redupl.) 'butterfly'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ṭäIm:- (~ *ṭäIp:-)
Meaning: butterfly
Tabasaran: baIṭli (Düb.)
Rutul: ṭäbäbäl
Comment: The Düb. form is metathesized (baIṭli < *ṭaIbli). Both *m: and *p: can be reconstructedon basis of Tab. and Rut. data; external evidence suggests *m:.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-rut,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *t:ama
Meaning: wing, shoulder
Adyghe: tāma
Kabardian: dāma
Comments: PAK *t:amá. Attempts of inner morphological analysis of the form (see Shagirov 1, 142) are not convincing.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,
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