Chinese characters : List with all references

Character: 鋼

Modern (Beijing) reading: gāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: kāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: kāŋ

Western Han Chinese: kāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: kāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kāŋ

Middle Chinese: kâŋ

English meaning : steel, cast iron [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сталь; стальной; 2) твердый

Comments: Sino-Viet. is cu'o'ng.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 167

Four-angle index: 3731

Karlgren code: 0697 h

Vietnamese reading: gang

Jianchuan Bai: kã4, kɛ̃1

Dali Bai: ka5-, ker1

Bijiang Bai: qõ1

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kāŋ

Meaning: hard, tense

Chinese: 剛 *kāŋ hard, strong, 鋼 *kāŋ steel.

Kachin: kaŋ¹ be stretched, tense, taut.

Comments: Cf. *g(h)ăŋH, *qhăŋ.

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 2222

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 鋼

MC description : 宕開一平唐見

ZIHUI: 6921 2302

Beijing: kaŋ 11

Jinan: kaŋ 11

Xi'an: kaŋ 11

Taiyuan: ka_̃ 1

Hankou: kaŋ 11

Chengdu: kaŋ 11

Yangzhou: kâŋ 11

Suzhou: ka_ŋ 11

Wenzhou: kuɔ 11

Changsha: kan 11

Shuangfeng: kaŋ 11

Nanchang: kɔŋ 11

Meixian: kɔŋ 11

Guangzhou: kɔŋ 11

Xiamen: kɔŋ 11 (lit.); kŋ 11

Chaozhou: kɨŋ 31

Fuzhou: kauŋ 31

Shanghai: ka_̃ 1

Zhongyuan yinyun: kaŋ 1

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