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Chinese characters :
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Character: 燠
Modern (Beijing) reading: yù
Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔuk
Classic Old Chinese: ʔuk
Western Han Chinese: ʔǝuk
Eastern Han Chinese: ʔǝuk
Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔɨuk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔuk
Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔuk
Middle Chinese: ʔük
English meaning : be warm
Russian meaning[s]: теплый
Comments: The series contains basically words in *-ikʷ, but *ʔuk 'warm' explicitly rhymes in *-uk in Shi (see RDFS 556).
Radical: 86
Four-angle index: 4911
Karlgren code: 1045 d
Go-on: wiku
Kan-on: wiku
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ʔŭk (~ɣ-, -ŏk)
Meaning: warm, hot
Burmese: ǝuk be hot, sultry.
Comments: Cf. also Padam (Tani) uk, Konyak wok 'burn'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-comments,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HūgwV́ [?]
Meaning: warm, burn
Comments and references : An alternative match for PY and PST is PNC *=īḳwV 444.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=ōgwV
Meaning: to burn
Notes: The root is characteristic for East Dag. languages (Lezg., Darg., Khin.).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *=ik:ʷ-
Meaning: burn
Akusha: =ig-
Chiragh: =ik:ʷ-
Comments: Cf. also Ur. =igʷ-.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔok:ʷɨ-
Meaning: burn
Lezghian: k:u-z
Tabasaran: u-g-ub
Agul: ugʷa-s
Kryz: ug-aǯ
Budukh: s-ug-u
Archi: ok:a-s
Udi: bok:-sun
Comment: Relevant forms are also: Lezg. praet. k:u-na, Ag. Bursh. igi-s, Arch. dur. =ork:u-r. Belongs to the week verb class in PL. Cf. also a derived adjective: Tab. urg-ru 'bitter', Lezg. Khl. jɨk:ɨr, Kryz. gɨra-d 'hot'. Cf. Талибов 1960а, 302; Лексика 1971, 245; Гигинейшвили 1980, 277.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: =ek:-/k:-
North Caucasian etymology: 16
Meaning: burn
Khinalug form: =ek:-kwi, k:-i
Comments: =ek:- is transitive (=ek:-kʷi), k:- (term. k:-i, dur. k:-izi) - intransitive.
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,khinet-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *χuχ
Meaning: warm (of water); windless (of weather)
Ket: qūkśeŋ1 'warm (of water)'; qūk 'quietly, windlessly' (Werner 2, 140: qū / qūk)
Yug: xūk (also xu1 (Werner 2, 141))
Kottish: hukaičei "warming"; hukai bāttaŋ "to warm"
Comments: Werner 2, 140 <*qugǝ>. The forms Ket qū, Yug xu (cited ibid.) allow to narrow the reconstruction to PY *χuχ (not *χuk- ~ -g-, -χ- as in ССЕ 305).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVKV
Meaning : light, fire
Amerind (misc.) : *ka 'burn' (R 101) [+ A K]; *yak 'fire' (R 267) [+ A] African (misc.) : Cf. Macro-Khoisan *ƛ̊q̇V "warm". globet-meaning,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʕak-
Meaning: be hot; fire
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 809
Proto-Semitic: *ʕik-/*ʕuk-
Meaning: 'be hot'
Arabic: ʕkk [-i-, -u-]
Notes: Secondary vocalism?
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *ʔakwa-
Meaning: 'fire'
Warji: kǝ̀wai [SkNb]
Diri: akúwá
Miya: aku
Cagu: ākwe
Siri: kúwí
Jimbin: akwá
Ngizim: ákã [ShN]
Notes: Cf. Mng hwuk 'roast' [Cs]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-wrj,wchet-dir,wchet-miy,wchet-cag,wchet-sir,wchet-jmb,wchet-ngz,wchet-notes,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *HVk(V)k-
Meaning: 'hot' 1, 'fire' 2
Mada: okkwo 2 [BMad]
Logone: kku 1 [LLog]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-bld,cchet-log,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *ʔak(V)k-
Meaning: 'fire'
Dangla: ako [Fd]
Migama: ókkò [JMig]
Jegu: ʔɔ̄́k [CLR: 139]
Bidiya: àkó [JBid]
Birgit: ʔàkù [CLR]
Sokoro: óko [CLR]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-dng,echet-mig,echet-jeg,echet-bid,echet-brg,echet-sok,
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