Chinese characters : List with all references

Character: 禪

Modern (Beijing) reading: chán

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)ars

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)anh

Western Han Chinese: d(h)anh

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)anh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)èn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)èn

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)èn

Middle Chinese: ʒ́èn

English meaning : sacrifice; relinquish, cede, hand over to another [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) буддизм; чань (одна из сект буддизма); 2) созерцание, безмолвие; [shàn] 1) уступить престол, отречься от престола; 2) жертвоприношение земле

Comments: Since post-Han times this character is used also for PH *ʒ́ian (MC ʒ́en, pek. chán) = Pali jan = Old Ind. dhyāna.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 113

Four-angle index: 2595

Karlgren code: 0147 |b ́

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Tjɨăl

Meaning: hand over, relinquish

Chinese: 禪 *d_ar relinquish, cede, hand over to another.

Tibetan: ãćhol (p. bćol, f. gźol) to entrust a person with a thing.