Chinese characters : List with all references

Character: 總

Modern (Beijing) reading: zǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: cōŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: cṓŋ

Western Han Chinese: cṓŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: cṓŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: cṓŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cṓŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: cwṓŋ

Middle Chinese: cúŋ

English meaning : to bundle, tie together

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сводить вместе, собирать воедино; обобщать; древн. связывать в пучок (напр. волосы); 2) обобщенный, общий; всеобщий; 3) оптовый; 4) валовой; 5) подытоживать; итог; в сумме; в общем, в совокупности; 6) управлять, заведовать; начальствовать, командовать; 7) главный; основной; генеральный; 8) в конечном счете, во всяком случае; безусловно, обязательно; с последующим отрицанием ни в коем случае; 9) всегда, вообще; с последующим отрицанием никогда

Comments: In Shijing (18.3) the character is believed to be a loan for OC *cōŋ, MC cuŋ, Mand. zōng 'bundle of 80 threads' (Schüssler does not distinguish between these two readings), later usually written with another character (MC FQ 子紅). The two words are obviously related (perhaps just dialectal variants). The same word is also written as 稯 q.v.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 8412

Karlgren code: 1199 i-k

Jianchuan Bai: cõ3-

Dali Bai: cu3-

Bijiang Bai: cõ1-

Shijing occurrences: 18.3_

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *cōm (~ ʒh-)

Meaning: bundle, sheaf

Chinese: 稯 *cōŋ sheaf, bundle, 總 *cōŋ, *cōŋʔ bundle, to bundle

Tibetan: chom bundle, bunch.

Lepcha: čom 1 to be drawn together, to be compressed, to be crossed one over another, to be crumbled as cloth 2 to be clustered

Comments: Trung dzǝm² to tie.

Number: 2286

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 總

MC description : 通合一上董精

ZIHUI: 4920 2647

Beijing: cuŋ 2

Jinan: cuŋ 2

Xi'an: coŋ 2

Taiyuan: cuŋ 2

Hankou: coŋ 2

Chengdu: coŋ 2

Yangzhou: cɔuŋ 2

Suzhou: coŋ 2

Wenzhou: coŋ 21

Changsha: coŋ 2

Shuangfeng: caŋ 2; cǝn 2

Nanchang: cuŋ 2

Meixian: cuŋ 2

Guangzhou: čuŋ 21

Xiamen: cɔŋ 2

Chaozhou: coŋ 21

Fuzhou: cuŋ 2

Shanghai: coŋ 3

Chinese characters :

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Chinese Dialects :