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Chinese characters :
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Character: 膿
Modern (Beijing) reading: nóng
Preclassic Old Chinese: nhūŋ
Classic Old Chinese: nhūŋ
Western Han Chinese: nhǝ̄uŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: nhǝ̄uŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: nhǝ̄uŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: nhǝ̄uŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: nhōŋ
Middle Chinese: noŋ
English meaning : pus [Han]
Russian meaning[s]: гной; гнойный
Comments: For *nh- cf. Shaowu nuŋ7, Jianou noŋ6 (reflecting a variant *nhūŋ-s).
Radical: 130
Four-angle index: 5650
Karlgren code: 1005 h
Jianchuan Bai: nü7
Dali Bai: nu7
Bijiang Bai: nü7
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nuāk / *nuāŋ (s-)
Meaning: pus
Tibetan: rnag, snag matter, pus.
Comments: PG *naCL pus; Kanauri stag pus. Simon 12; Sh. 134; Luce 63. Cf. PAN *nanaq 'pus' < ST? (Peiros 1998, 220).
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *nek
Meaning: pus
Sunwar: nene
Kaling: 'ni sap
Limbu: nikwā
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 2293
Character: 膿
MC description : 通合一平冬泥
ZIHUI: 5240 2633
Beijing: nuŋ 12
Jinan: nuŋ 12
Xi'an: noŋ 12
Taiyuan: nǝŋ 1
Hankou: noŋ 12
Chengdu: noŋ 12
Yangzhou: nɔuŋ 12
Suzhou: noŋ 12
Wenzhou: noŋ 12
Changsha: noŋ 12
Shuangfeng: naŋ 12; nǝn 12
Nanchang: luŋ 31
Meixian: nuŋ 12
Guangzhou: nuŋ 12
Xiamen: lɔŋ 12 (lit.); laŋ 12
Chaozhou: laŋ 12
Fuzhou: luŋ 12 (lit.); löyŋ 12
Shanghai: noŋ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: nuŋ 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *nĕwxq̇wV̆́
Meaning: pus
Comments and references : HGC 24, LV C6, LDC 17, BCD 29. Cf. PAN *nanah 'pus' (Peiros 1989, 129). sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *nĕwq̇ŭ
Meaning: tear; pus
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The PN form *naṭq̇u probably reflects an original plural form (*naṭq̇u < *na(w)q̇-ṭu < *nĕwq̇-dV). In PL and Darg. there occurred (for expressive reasons or due to a rare cluster *wq̇ ? ) a strengthening of the word: they reflect a variant *nĕwq̇_ŭ. The medial -r- in PD is obviously secondary, probably having penetrated there from an original plural form in *-r, being later substituted in PD by the *-bi-plural. The old Ablaut *nĕwq̇ŭ / *nĭwq̇V̆- in this root has remained only in PGB (where the obl. base *mɨq̇a- < *nĭwq̇V̆-). Obl. bases like Arch. nibqi- or Tab. niwq:u- in this case are ambiguous (in Arch. - because of the neutralisation of vowels in the first accentless syllable, in Tab. - because of the merger of *ä and *i).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *naṭq̇u
Meaning: pus
Chechen: noṭq̇a
Ingush: nod
Batsbi: noṭq̇
Comments: In Bacb. noṭq̇ in Kadagidze's notation; Desheriyev writes naṭq̇ (which is the more expected variant). Obl. base *naṭq̇-ar-, cf. Chech. naṭq̇ara-, Ing. nadq̇aro (showing that the loss of -q̇ in the direct base is a recent phenomenon). Note that in Bacb. the plural naṭq̇-ajrĭ means "tears" (cf. the meaning in all other EC languages). 4th class in all languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *moq̇o
Meaning: tear
Avar: máʕu
Chadakolob: máʕu
Andian language: moGo
Akhvakh: maq̇a
Chamalal: mā
Tindi: mā
Karata: maʔa
Botlikh: maʁa
Bagvalal: maʕa
Godoberi: maʔa
Comments: Av. paradigm C (maʕí-l, máʕa-bi). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. maʔa-l, Tlan., Ratl. maq̇a-l, And. (Gudava) moq̇o, Cham. Gig. maj, Kar. Anch., Tok. maʕa.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *mɔq̇u A
Meaning: tear
Tsezi: mow
Ginukh: moq̇u
Khvarshi: muq̇u
Inkhokvari: moq̇u
Bezhta: maq̇o
Gunzib: mɔq̇u
Comments: PTsKh *moq̇u, PGB *mɔq̇u. An old Ablaut is reflected in the PGB obl. base *mɨq̇a- (Bezht. Tlad. miq̇a-, Gunz. mɨq̇a-).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: maq̇
Meaning: tear
Lak form: maq̇
Comments: Cf. Khosr. maq̇ id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *nerʁʷ
Meaning: tear
Akusha: nerʁ
Chiragh: nerʁ
Comments: Cf. also Ur. nirʁ, Kait. nerʁ / merʁ, Tsud. nerʁ, Kub. mēʁʷ. Labialisation is lost almost everywhere, because the word is mostly used in plural where ʁʷ > ʁ before the labial suffix *-bi (Chir. nerʁ-be, Kait. merʁ-bi, Kub. mūʁ-be etc.); however, it can be reconstructed on basis of the Kub. form and the Kait. variant (with regressive labialisation n- > m-).
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *näwq:
Meaning: 1 tear 2 to rejoice (*'to cry of joy')
Lezghian: naʁʷ 1
Tabasaran: niwʁ / niwq: 1
Agul: neʁʷ 1
Rutul: naʁʷ 1
Tsakhur: naʁ 1
Kryz: nöʁ xijiǯ 2
Budukh: nuʁa jixǝr 2
Archi: nabq 1
Udi: neʁ 1
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. erg. naq:ʷa-di, Khl. naʁʷ, naq:ʷa-di, Tab. Düb. niwq:i, Ag. Burk. neʁʷ, Fit. nibʁʷ, Bursh. naIw ( < naʕʷ), Tsakh. Gelm. ńaʁ. Obl. base *näwq:ɨ- (cf. Tab. niwq:u-, Tsakh. Gelm. ńaʁɨ-). See Лексика 1971, 125; Гигинейшвили 1977, 86; Талибов 1980, 272.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *dɔkŋ
Meaning: pus
Ket: dɔʔŋ
Yug: dɔʔŋ (Werner 1, 203)
Kottish: takŋ
Comments: ССЕ 223-224. Werner 1, 203 <*dɔgǝŋ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *nagéi / *magéi
Meaning: boil, sore
Hunza: nagéi
Nagar: magéi
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *nega- / *niga-
Meaning: 1 tears, weeping 2 rennet 3 skin rash (scurf, herpes)
Bizkaian: negar 1, (Ubidea) negar 2
Gipuzkoan: negar 1
High Navarrese: negar 1, (Lezaka) negel 3
Low Navarrese: nigar, (Aldude) negal 3, (Garazi) negel 3
Salazarese: negar, near 1
Lapurdian: negar, nigar 1, (Ainhoa) negal 3, (Gethari) negel 3
Baztanese: nigar 1, negal 3
Aezkoan: nigar 1
Zuberoan: nĩ́gar 1, negel 3
Comments: Note the general tendency of western Bsq /e/ vs. eastern /i/ in words for 'tears'. There is an old ablaut alternation in PEC: *nĕwq̇ŭ / *nĭwq̇V̆-, which may have been redistributed regionally in Bsq.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-comments,
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