Chinese characters : List with all references

Character: 鍛

Modern (Beijing) reading: duàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: tōns

Classic Old Chinese: twānh

Western Han Chinese: twānh

Eastern Han Chinese: twānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: twā̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: twā̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: twā̀n

Middle Chinese: twần

English meaning : to hammer, forge; hammering stone

Russian meaning[s]: 1) закалять (металл); плавить; ковать; 2) закалка, тренировка (напр. кадров)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 167

Four-angle index: 6121

Karlgren code: 0172 c

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tōŋ (~d-)

Meaning: strike, pound

Chinese: 鍛 *tōns to hammer, forge; strike.

Tibetan: rduŋ (p. brduŋs, f. brduŋ, i. (b)rduŋ(s)) to beat, to strike.

Burmese: thauŋh to pound, LB *thuŋx.

Kachin: thoŋ² kick forward.

Comments: PG *toN pound grain. Cf. also OCh. 撞 *drōŋ(s) to strike (Coblin 40).

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 2328

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 鍛

MC description : 山合一去換端

ZIHUI: 6939 1922

Beijing: tuan 3

Jinan: tuã 3

Xi'an: tuã 3

Taiyuan: tuä̃ 3

Hankou: tan 3

Chengdu: tuan 3

Yangzhou: tuõ 3

Suzhou: tö 31

Wenzhou: tö 31

Changsha: tõ 31

Shuangfeng: tuɛ 31

Nanchang: tɔn 31

Meixian: thɔn 3

Guangzhou: tyn 31

Xiamen: thuan 31

Chaozhou: tueŋ 31

Fuzhou: tuaŋ 32

Shanghai: tö 32

Zhongyuan yinyun: ton 3

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