Chinese characters : List with all references

Character: 乃

Modern (Beijing) reading: nǎi

Preclassic Old Chinese: nhǝ̄ʔ

Classic Old Chinese: nhǝ̄́

Western Han Chinese: nhǝ̄́

Eastern Han Chinese: nhǝ̄́

Early Postclassic Chinese: nhǝ̄́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: nhǝ̄́

Late Postclassic Chinese: nhǝ̄́j

Middle Chinese: nʌ́j

English meaning : then, and then, now; your (possess.)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) перед сказуемым то, тогда, и тогда; именно; только тогда; 2) на месте связки именно и есть, является ничем иным, как...; 3) в начале предложения но вот; зато, напротив; однако, но; в то время, прежде; 4) древн. ты, твой; 5) древн. эмфатическая частица

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is nãi; cf. perhaps also nay 'now, at present, at this time'. For *nh- cf. Chaozhou nai4.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 4

Four-angle index: 4609

Karlgren code: 0945 a-c

Vietnamese reading: nãy

Shijing occurrences: 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 51.3

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nāŋH / *nāk

Meaning: next day, time after now

Chinese: 乃 *nhǝ̄ʔ ( < *nhǝ̄ŋʔ) then, thereupon (?)

Tibetan: naŋ morning, gnaŋ(s) the day after tomorrow.

Burmese: mǝnak morning, LB *nakx; cf. also naung the future, tomorrow.

Kachin: šǝnaʔ³ night, in opp. to day, mǝnaʔ³ last night, naʔ³ evening.

Lushai: nak-kum next year, nak-thai the day after tomorrow.

Kiranti: *nak

Comments: PG *nVŋ^L. Luce 42, 67.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *nak

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: night

Sunwar: nāk-do

Comments: If not borrowed < Indian (?).

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 5

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 乃

MC description : 蟹開一上海泥

ZIHUI: 0035 1059

Beijing: nai 2

Jinan: nɛ 3

Xi'an: nɛ 2

Taiyuan: nai 2

Hankou: nai 2

Chengdu: nai 2

Yangzhou: nɛ 2

Suzhou: ne_ 11

Wenzhou: na 22; na 11

Changsha: nai 2

Shuangfeng: na 2

Nanchang: lai 2

Meixian: nai 11

Guangzhou: nai 22

Xiamen: naĩ 2

Chaozhou: nai 22

Fuzhou: nai 2

Shanghai: ne_ 32

Zhongyuan yinyun: nai 2

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