Chinese characters :

Character: 炱

Modern (Beijing) reading: tái

Preclassic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ǝ̄

Classic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ǝ̄

Western Han Chinese: lǝ̄ (~ Łh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: lǝ̄ (~ lh-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: dлj

English meaning : soot

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛǝ̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: soot, ashes

Chinese: 炱 *Ł_ǝ̄ soot.

Tibetan: Jirel tha-la, Cuona-Menba pla

Burmese: pra ashes.

Kachin: (?) nraʔ² charcoal.

Kiranti: *ʔpúlu

Comments: PG *Pra ashes, Mikir phelo; BG: Garo tapra, Dimasa thāpla; Moshang tap-tha, Namsangia tapla. Sh. 428, 444; Ben. 40. The Kiranti form shows that the initial labial present in some forms here is not a prefix but rather a trace of a compound *[ph]ǝw-ƛǝ̄, see *[ph]ǝw. Cf. also PAA *bǝlɔ 'ashes'.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *ʔpúlu

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: ashes

Sunwar: 'pulu

Kaling: 'püjü

Dumi: pɨʔɨ

Kulung: chu-bui (?)

Comments: [Kaling, Dumi and Kulung rather reflect a different compound *ʔpu-ju - cf. ST *jU.

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: pɨʔɨ

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: ashes

Comments: cf. ka:yɨ.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: chubui

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: ashes

Nepali: kharānī.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ŁaɦV́

Meaning: soot, coal

North Caucasian: *ŁaɦV

Sino-Tibetan: *ƛā

Comments and references : Different in HGC 17.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ŁaɦV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: soot; charcoal

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *laʔi

Proto-Dargwa: *k:a

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ:a-t:Vr

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The root is not very widely spread, but phonetically and semantically the comparison seems satisfactory. A strange form is Darg. Chir. ɣanta 'charcoal': it can not go back to PD *k:a (k:- would be expected in Chir.), and it does not correspond regularly to Tsakh. ɣadɨr (thus a separate root can not be postulated): perhaps it is a loanword from some Lezgian language (e.g., the Lezg. counterpart of Tsakh. ɣadɨr would be *ɣat:V(r)).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *laʔi

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: soot

Avar: laħ

Andian language: lali (Khaidakov)

Tindi: lā

Karata: laji

Botlikh: laj

Godoberi: laʕi

Comments: Av. paradigm C (laħú-l, láħa-l). Medial -l- in And. is not quite clear (reduplication?).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *k:a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: charcoal

Akusha: ga

Comments: Cf. also Ur. ga, Kub. k:a id.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ:a-t:Vr

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: charcoal

Tsakhur: ɣadɨr

Comment: Isolated in Tsakhur; can go back to PEC *ŁaɦV, if we assume that Tsakh. -dɨr is a former suffix (probably plural).

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