Chinese characters : List with all references

Character: 干

Modern (Beijing) reading: gān

Preclassic Old Chinese: kān

Classic Old Chinese: kān

Western Han Chinese: kān

Eastern Han Chinese: kān

Early Postclassic Chinese: kān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kān

Late Postclassic Chinese: kān

Middle Chinese: kân

English meaning : shield; to protect; place name

Shuowen gloss: 犯也.從一.從犯入.凡干之屬皆從干. [87]

Comments: The graph is also used for the homonymous *kān 'to strive for, seek', *kān 'bank (of a river)' and *kān 'flag pole' ( = 竿 q.v.). Schüssler (186) considers the latter word to be etymologically identical with 'shield' (as "a pole to which something can be attached") - but this is dubious, both for semantic (a shield is not a pole) and etymologic reasons.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0139 a-b

Vietnamese reading: can

Jianchuan Bai: kã4

Dali Bai: ka5

Bijiang Bai: qõ4

Shijing occurrences: 7.1, 39.3_, 53.1, 53.2, 53.3

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kāɫ

Meaning: barrier, obstacle

Chinese: 干 *kān shield, 捍 *gāns to ward off, protect.

Tibetan: ãgal be in opposition, contradiction to.

Burmese: ka shield of any kind.

Kachin: (Mat.) mǝga¹ ?, (H) n-ga, n-gaŋ a shield.

Lushai: kalʔ to withstand, oppose, be against.

Lepcha: kál to make a defense or support as against heat of fire

Comments: Mat. 164; Coblin 157. Cf. also *kāɫ pole, club.

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 45

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 干

MC description : 山開一平寒見

ZIHUI: 1626 1738

Beijing: kan 11

Jinan: kã 11

Xi'an: kã 11

Taiyuan: kä̃ 1

Hankou: kan 11

Chengdu: kan 11

Yangzhou: kɛ̃ 11

Suzhou: kö 11

Wenzhou: ky 11

Changsha: kan 11

Shuangfeng: kuɛ̃ 11

Nanchang: kɔn 2

Meixian: kɔn 11

Guangzhou: kɔn 11

Xiamen: kan 11

Chaozhou: kaŋ 11

Fuzhou: kaŋ 11

Shanghai: kö 1

Zhongyuan yinyun: kan 1

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