Chinese characters :

Character: 衾

Modern (Beijing) reading: qīn

Preclassic Old Chinese: kh(r)ǝm

Classic Old Chinese: kh(r)ǝm

Western Han Chinese: kh(r)ǝm

Eastern Han Chinese: kh(r)ǝm

Early Postclassic Chinese: khim

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khim

Late Postclassic Chinese: khim

Middle Chinese: khim

English meaning : a coverlet

Russian meaning[s]: 1) стеганое одеяло; ватник; покрываться; 2) саван

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 145

Four-angle index: 5681

Karlgren code: 0651 h

Shijing occurrences: 21.2

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Khrɨ̆m

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: coverlet

Chinese: 衾 *kh(r)ǝm a coverlet.

Tibetan: grum~ce a thick woolen blanket.

Burmese: khrum to cover, overspread, as with a cloth, blanket.

Kachin: tiŋgrum² to cover, envelope, as the head with a shawl.

Comments: Mat. 165.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xq̇wǝ̆lʔá̆ ?

Meaning: cover, lid

North Caucasian: *q̇wǝ̆lʔă

Sino-Tibetan: *Khrɨ̆m

Yenisseian: *gulam (~k-) ?

Comments and references : HGC 31.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *q̇wǝ̆lʔă

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: board

Proto-Nakh: *ʔu

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *q̇ʷirV

Proto-Tsezian: *q̇orV

Proto-Lak: ula

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔur-q̇uli

Proto-Lezghian: *q̇ula

Proto-West Caucasian: *Gʷǝ

Notes: Correspondences are regular, and the etymology seems quite plausible. The PD form *ʔurq̇uli is probably shaped after *ʔurculi 'wood, firewood' q.v. See Abdokov 1983, 127 (Av. : WC; the author, however, attracts also some obviously unrelated Tsez. and Nakh forms).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ʔu

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 board 2 wooden floor

Chechen: u 1

Ingush: uj 2

Comments: The Ing. form is actually a former plural (*ʔu-bi 'boards'). The original oblique stem *ʔulV- is seen in the Ing. derivate ul-g 'small board, plank' (both in Ing. and Chech. it was superseded by a more recent *ʔu-ne-, cf. Chech. üna-, Ing. ujno). 3d class in Chech. and Ing.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *q̇ʷirV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 board 2 pole

Avar: ʕer 2

Chadakolob: ʕir 2

Akhvakh: q̇ori 1

Comments: Av. paradigm C (ʕoró-l, ʕúr-dul; Chad. ʕoró-l, ʕír-dal). Cf. also Akhv. Tlan. q̇oro, Tseg. oro 'board'. Av. > Akhv. ʕeri 'pole'.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *q̇orV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bench, stool

Tsezi: q̇Iuri / q̇uri

Ginukh: q̇ure

Khvarshi: q̇ule

Inkhokvari: q̇Iule

Bezhta: q̇ō

Gunzib: q̇oro

Comments: PTsKh *q̇uRe; PGB *q̇oro (cf. also Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. q̇oro).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: ula

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: board; shelf

Lak form: ula

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔur-q̇uli

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: board

Akusha: urq̇uli

Chiragh: urq̇ule

Comments: Cf. also Ur. urq̇uli, Kub. uq̇ul, Tsud. urq̇ula, Kait. urq̇ul.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *q̇ula

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 board 2 shelf 3 lid, cover 4 small plank

Lezghian: q̇ul 1

Tabasaran: q̇ul 1,2

Agul: q̇ul 3

Rutul: q̇ul 1

Tsakhur: q̇uwa 1

Kryz: q̇ul 4

Budukh: q̇ul 4

Archi: q̇ul 1

Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. q̇ul 'board, lid', Rut. q̇ula-dɨ 'shelf for dishes'. The precise meaning in Kryz is "small plank for darning"; in Bud. - "last (for stretching woolen socks)". The obl. stem *q̇ulä-, besides Tsakh., is revealed in the Rut. form q̇ula-dɨ (quoted above).

    See Бокаpев 1961, 64; Лексика 1971, 171; Гигинейшвили 1977, 69, 103.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *Gʷǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 board 2 post, pole 3 stake

Abkhaz: a-ʁʷǝ́ 1

Abaza: ʁʷǝ 1

Adyghe: pč́a-ʁʷǝ 3

Kabardian: bža-ʁʷ 3

Ubykh: ʁʷǝ 2

Comments: PAT *ɣʷǝ; PAK *p:č́:a-ʁʷǝ́ (where the first part is probably the same as PAK *p:č́:ǝ 'lance', see Bagov 1968). Abdokov (1983, 127) compares the AK and Ub. forms not with AA *ɣʷǝ, but with AA *-ʕʷanǝ in *c̣ʷǝ-ʕʷanǝ 'stake' - which, in our opinion, should be rather derived from PWC *q̇́ʷǝnV 'peg, stake' (q.v.).

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *gulam (~k-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: covering, lid

Ket: kuĺem⁶, южн. kuĺǝm⁶

Yug: kulam^5,6

Comments: ССЕ 229. Werner 1, 449 may be right in regarding the word as a compound: *gu 'opening' + *ŕem 'board', i.e. "board over opening(s)".

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