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Chinese characters :
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Character: 宗
Modern (Beijing) reading: zōng
Preclassic Old Chinese: ćūŋ
Classic Old Chinese: cūŋ
Western Han Chinese: cǝ̄uŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: cǝ̄uŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄uŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄uŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: cōŋ
Middle Chinese: coŋ
English meaning : lineage, royal clan, clan; lineage founder, high ancestor, venerable one; ancestral temple; ancestral; to venerate, honor
Russian meaning[s]: 1) храм предков; предок; родоначальник; глава; главный, основной; 2) род; сородичи; члены рода; родовой; 3) признать своим главой; почитать (уважать) как родоначальника; 4) учение, школа, направление; догма; доктрина; секта; 5) сорт; разряд; партия (товаров); штука; 6) Цзун (фамилия)
Radical: 40
Four-angle index: 8184
Shijing occurrences: 15.3
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-shijing,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ćūm
Meaning: honour, authority
Tibetan: gćom, bćom pride, haughtiness, arrogance.
Kachin: čum authority.
Comments: The OCh. form can be alternatively compared with Tib. gźuŋ (p. gźuŋs) to attend, be heedful (cf., however, *tŭŋ). stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-kach,stibet-comments,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 532
Character: 宗
MC description : 通合一平冬精
ZIHUI: 1350 2645
Beijing: cuŋ 11
Jinan: cuŋ 11
Xi'an: coŋ 11
Taiyuan: cuŋ 1
Hankou: coŋ 11
Chengdu: coŋ 11
Yangzhou: cɔuŋ 11
Suzhou: coŋ 11
Wenzhou: coŋ 11
Changsha: coŋ 11
Shuangfeng: caŋ 11; can 11
Nanchang: cuŋ 11
Meixian: cuŋ 11
Guangzhou: čuŋ 11
Xiamen: cɔŋ 11
Chaozhou: coŋ 11
Fuzhou: cuŋ 11
Shanghai: coŋ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: cuŋ 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *[ć̣_]ǝ̄mbi
Meaning: superpower
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *c̣_ǝ̄mbi
Meaning: god; mercy
Notes: An interesting term (reconstructed for the PEC level). Phonetic correspondences are regular (except for vocalic reflexes in Darg. and Lak., which are usual for contexts with labialised consonants; perhaps we should attribute it to the proximity of labial -m-). Cf. also Hurr. aʒammi 'image, figure' (= 'idol'), see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 22.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *c̣ēbV
Meaning: 1 idol, god 2 heathen deity 3 priest
Chechen: c̣ū 2
Ingush: c̣uw 3
Batsbi: c̣ijb 1
Comments: The final vowel is not quite clear; however, Bacb. -ij- can only go back to *-ē-, thus the Inlaut vowel is clear.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *c̣:VbV
Meaning: mercy, grace
Avar: c̣:ob
Comments: Av. paradigm A or C (pl. c̣:óba-l). Cf. And. c̣:ob 'god' (borrowed from Avar, but retaining the original meaning).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: c̣imi
Meaning: grace, mercy, pity
Lak form: c̣imi
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *c̣um
Meaning: pity
Akusha: c̣um
Comments: Cf. also Tsud. c̣um id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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