Chinese characters : List with all references

Character: 拘

Modern (Beijing) reading: jū

Preclassic Old Chinese: ko

Classic Old Chinese: ko

Western Han Chinese: kwa

Eastern Han Chinese: kwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwo

Middle Chinese: kü

English meaning : to grasp, seize

Russian meaning[s]: 1) арестовать, схватить; арест; привод; 2) связать, ограничить(ся); 3) быть связанным (чем-л.); 4) погрязнуть в...; 5) примкнуть к...

Comments: During Late Zhou also used for *kō (MC kлw, Pek. gōu) 'to cover; receive'; for *g(h)o (MC gü, Pek. qú) in the compound ...zhu-qú 'stump of a tree'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 4318

Karlgren code: 0108 p

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *gō

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cover

Chinese: 拘 *kō to cover.

Burmese: khǝw take shelter (in a shade).

Lushai: khuʔ to cover, hide.

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 582

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 拘

MC description : 遇合三平虞見

ZIHUI: 2153 0962

Beijing: ćy 11

Jinan: ćy 11

Xi'an: ćy 12

Taiyuan: ćy 1

Hankou: ćy 11

Chengdu: ćy 11

Yangzhou: ćy 11

Suzhou: ćy 11

Wenzhou: ćy 11

Changsha: ćy 11

Shuangfeng: ty 31

Nanchang: ćy 11

Meixian: khi 11

Guangzhou: khö_y 11

Xiamen: khu 11

Chaozhou: khu 11

Fuzhou: ky 11

Shanghai: ćy 1

Zhongyuan yinyun: kiu 1

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xGVwV́

Meaning: to cover

North Caucasian: *GawV

Sino-Tibetan: *gō

Yenisseian: *ʔǝq-

Comments and references : HGC 37 (with a probably incorrect NC parallel).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *GawV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: roof, ceiling

Proto-Lezghian: *q:aw

Proto-Khinalug: q:uw

Notes: A Lezg.-Khin. isogloss. It is interesting to mention Tind. q:awu 'garret': it is quite isolated within Andian, and can not correspond phonetically to PL *q:aw (Tind. ʁabV would be expected) - perhaps it should be regarded as a loan from some Lezghian language (although we do not know of any other cases of early Lezghian loanwords in Andian languages).

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *q:aw

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 roof 2 thatch 3 ceiling 4 bridge 5 garret, shed

Lezghian: q:aw 1,2,3

Tabasaran: ʁʷaʔ 1,3

Agul: ʕuj 1 (Bursh.)

Rutul: q:aw 1

Kryz: q:aw 4

Udi: uʁI 5

Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. q:uj (the lit. and Kand. ʁʷaʔ is actually a locative form < *q:owe-ʔ 'on the ceiling'), Ag. Burk. ʁu (ʁuji-). 4th class in Rut. and Kryz. The oblique base can be reconstructed as *q:owe- (cf. Lezg. q:awu-, Tab. ʁʷa-, Düb. q:uja-, Ag. Bursh. ʕuji-, Burk. ʁuji-, Rut. q:awɨ-).

See Лексика 1971, 200.

Khinalug etymology :

Khinalug root: q:uw

North Caucasian etymology: 1352

Meaning: ceiling

Khinalug form: q:uw

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔǝq-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to cover; covering, upper part

Ket: dogebit (Донн.) 'cover'; (Werner 2, 417-418) ʌ:t-bet 'to cover', ʌ:t³ 'upon, on'

Yug: ʌχat 'upon, on' (Werner 2, 418)

Kottish: d́agei "to cover"; d́ugōttaŋ "to be covered", praet. d́ugoāttaŋ, imp. d́egeä

Comments: ССЕ 203. Ket and Yug data in Werner 2, 417-418 allow to make the reconstruction more precise: instead of *ʔVK- we can now reconstruct *ʔǝq-. However, the reconstruction <*ǝqǝt> proposed by Werner is valid only for Ket and Yug: Kottish forms (d́agei, imp. d́egeä) clearly show that *-t is a suffixed morpheme. Note that Werner presents a "double" etymology: elsewhere (1, 220) he compares the Kottish verb to Ket ĺaktej 'close one's eyes' and reconstructs <*ʎak-> - hardly convincing and incompatible with the reconstruction *ǝqǝt in 2, 418.