Chinese characters : List with all references

Character: 寒

Modern (Beijing) reading: hán

Preclassic Old Chinese: gān

Classic Old Chinese: gān

Western Han Chinese: gān

Eastern Han Chinese: gān

Early Postclassic Chinese: gān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gān

Late Postclassic Chinese: gān

Middle Chinese: ɣân

English meaning : be cold

Russian meaning[s]: 1) зима; зимний; мороз; морозный; стужа, холод; холодный; озябнуть, дрожать (от холода), трястись; похолодеть (от ужаса); 2) остыть, охладеть (к чему-л.); 3) заморозить (дело); прийти в запустение; бедный, убогий, жалкий, бесприютный; 4) унич. мой; 5) 14-у число (в телеграммах); 6) Хань (фамилия)

Comments: For *g- cf. Min forms: Xiamen kuã², Fuzhou kaŋ², Jianou kuiŋ⁶ ( < *gần).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 40

Four-angle index: 8872

Karlgren code: 0143 a-c

Vietnamese reading: hàn

Shijing occurrences: 32.3

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Gān

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cold

Chinese: 寒 *gān cold.

Kachin: khjen¹ snow, ice, (Mat.) gjen¹ id.

Comments: Cf. also Tani *an 'cold', Naga *mǝ-kVŋ, Pumi *C-khVN id.

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 1365

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 寒

MC description : 山開一平寒匣

ZIHUI: 1383 1755

Beijing: xan 12

Jinan: xã 12

Xi'an: xã 12

Taiyuan: xä̃ 1

Hankou: xan 12

Chengdu: xan 12

Yangzhou: xɛ̃ 12

Suzhou: ɦö 12

Wenzhou: ɦy 12

Changsha: xan 12

Shuangfeng: ɣuɛ̃ 12

Nanchang: hɔn 12

Meixian: hɔn 12

Guangzhou: hɔn 12

Xiamen: han 12 (lit.); kuã 12

Chaozhou: haŋ 12

Fuzhou: xaŋ 12

Shanghai: ɦö 32

Zhongyuan yinyun: xan 12

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Chinese characters :

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Chinese Dialects :

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Burushaski etymology :