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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1028
Character: 索
MC description : 宕開一入鐸心
ZIHUI: 4792 0285
Beijing: suo 2
Jinan: suǝ 2
Xi'an: suo 11
Taiyuan: suǝʔ 41
Hankou: so 12
Chengdu: so 12
Yangzhou: sâʔ 4
Suzhou: soʔ 41
Wenzhou: so 41
Changsha: so 4
Shuangfeng: sû 12
Nanchang: sɔk 41
Meixian: sɔk 41
Guangzhou: šɔk 43
Xiamen: sɔk 41 (lit.); sîk 41 (lit.); soʔ 41
Chaozhou: soʔ 41
Fuzhou: sɔʔ 41
Shanghai: soʔ 4
Zhongyuan yinyun: sau 42
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 索
Modern (Beijing) reading: suǒ
Preclassic Old Chinese: sāk
Classic Old Chinese: sāk
Western Han Chinese: sāk
Eastern Han Chinese: sāk
Early Postclassic Chinese: sāk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: sāk
Late Postclassic Chinese: sāk
Middle Chinese: sâk
English meaning : rope
Comments: Used also for homonymous *sāk '(perhaps): be frightening, disquieting'; *sāk 'to search, demand, press'. Also read *srāk, MC ṣạ̈ik (FQ 山戟) id.
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
Karlgren code: 0770 a
Jianchuan Bai: so6
Dali Bai: so6
Bijiang Bai: so6
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *chāk
Meaning: rope, bind
Burmese: ćhak to bind, LB *chakx.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *c̣exḳwV́̄ ( ~ sṭ-)
Meaning: rope, belt, thread (?)
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *c̣iḳʷɨ̄
Meaning: skein, hank
Notes: A Darg-Lezg. isogloss.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *c̣iḳʷa
Meaning: skein, hank
Chiragh: c̣iḳʷa
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *c̣iḳʷ
Meaning: skein, hank
Tabasaran: c̣iḳʷ
Agul: c̣eḳʷ (Bursh.)
Rutul: c̣iḳʷ
Tsakhur: c̣iḳʷ
Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. c̣uḳu, Ag. Fit. c̣iḳʷ id. 3d class in Tsakh., but 4th class in Rut. Obl. base *c̣iḳʷɨ-, cf. Rut. c̣iḳu-, Tsakh. c̣iḳu-.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *täGV (~c-,-χ-)
Meaning: to girdle; belt
Ket: ta:n 'to girdle'
Kottish: thēg, thēx, pl. thakŋ "belt"; fatax "girdling"; fōtākŋ "to girdle", praet. fōnatākŋ, imp. fantax
Comments: ССЕ 282. Werner 2, 252-253 <*thegǝ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVKV
Meaning : to plait
Amerind (misc.) : *c̣akʷ (?) 'rope' (R 580) [+ A K] Reference : ND 2031, 2663. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *zVḳV
Meaning: to plait, smth. plaited
References: Hegedűs 1990, 99 (IE+Ur + PSH *saḳ-); ND 2031 *śäk(V)ʔu 'to plait, tie, bind, wicker'; 2663 *źäḳU 'to tie up' (same Kartv., Ur. + Sem.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *suk-
Meaning: to turn
Latin: sucula f. `Ziehmaschine, Winde, Haspel'
Russ. meaning: вертеть
piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: скать,
Near etymology: ску, скёшь "сучить (нитки), раскатывать тесто", др.-русск. съкати, съку "сучить, ссучивать", др.-чеш. skáti, sku, чеш. seskaný "tortus", др. ступень чередования гласных: сука́ть, сучи́ть.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. sùkti, sukù "крутить", лтш. sukt -- то же, sukata "вертячка (болезнь)", возм., также лат. sucula "ворот, мотовило"; см. Траутман, ВSW 291; М.--Э. 3, 1118; Френкель, ZfslPh 20, 301; Торп 545 и сл., но ср. Вальде--Гофм. 2, 621 и сл. Гласному -а- в *съкати соответствует -о- в лит. sùkо "он крутил".
Pages: 3,635
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *suk- (*suka-) vb. tr., *suk-m-ā̂ f. (1), *sūk-ia- c.
Meaning: wind, turn
Lithuanian: sùkti (sùka) `drehen, winden, kehren, betrügen, betören; Butter schlagen; (um)winden, würgen'; sùkala-s '(Tür)angel', dial. 'was mit kreisender Bewegung geschlagen wird; gewundene Verzierung (an einer Tür)', sukmà, gen. -ō̃s/sùkmōs '(Wort)verdreher, Betrüger', sū̃ki-s 'Wendung, (Um)drehung', dial. 'zusammengedrehte Zweigezur Bezeichnung der Grenze einer Wiese'; ? suõkti (-kia, -kē) 'überreden, zwingen, nötigen', žem. soukti 'id.'
Lettish: sukt 'drehen, kehren'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1704
Root: seu-3 : su- : seu̯ǝ- : sū-
English meaning: to bend, turn
German meaning: `biegen, drehen, antreiben'
Derivatives: su-k-ro- `gedreht'
Material: Ai. suváti `setzt in Bewegung, erregt, belebt', sutá- `veranlaßt, angetrieben', prá-sūta- `in Bewegung gebracht, angetrieben, entsendet', nr̥-sūta- `von Männern angetrieben', prá-sūti- `Regung', savá- `Antrieb, Anregung, Befehl, Belebung; der Anreger, Befehlende', sávīmani Lok. `auf Antrieb, auf Geheiß', savitár- `Antreiber, Erreger; der Gott Savitar'; av. hav- `in Bewegung setzen', hunāiti `verschafft, sucht zu verschaffen', hvąnmahi (*su̯-en-) `wir suchen zu verschaffen'. apavanvainti (*su̯-en-u̯-) `sie lenken ab', mainyu-šūta- `vom Geist getrieben', hvōišta- `der höchste, beste; älteste';
air. sō(a)id `dreht, kehrt' (*sōu̯-ei̯e-ti), ess-ro-so- `mißlingen' (*hinwegdrehen); sua(i)nem m. `Strick, Schnur' (*seu-n-i̯a-mō); lit. siaũras (*seu-ro-) `schmal, eng';
hitt. šuu̯āi- `stoßen, drängen'.
seu-k-: osset. xurx `Molken, Käsewasser' (ar. *sukra-: lit. sukrùs `*was sich leicht dreht'); lit. sunkalai Pl. `Molken', pã-sukos ds.; lit. sukù, sùkti `drehen, wenden', sukrùs `beweglich, flink', apsùkalas `Türangel', lett. sukt `entwischen', sukata `Drehkrankheit', slav. *sъkǫ, *sъkati (Prät.-St. *sukā-) in russ. sku, skatъ `zwirnen, zusammendrehen, aufwickeln', ablaut. ksl. sukati `drehen' (umgebildet aus *soukei̯e-, vgl. russ. sučítь `zwirnen');
References: WP. II 470, Trautmann 291, Lidén KZ 61, 7 f., Pedersen Hitt. 134.
See also: s. auch seu̯i̯o- `link' und su̯ei- `biegen'.
Pages: 914
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-seealso,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *zakt`i
Meaning: cushion, mat
Russian meaning: подушка, циновка
Comments: Closed *ạ in Turkic is probably an influence of *jạt- 'to lie, sleep' (see *dḕ). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *jạŕtuk / *jạtŕuk
Meaning: 1 pillow 2 to prop on a pillow
Russian meaning: 1 подушка 2 опирать(ся) на подушку
Old Turkic: jastuq 'pillow-shaped ingot of silver' (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: jastuq 1, jasta- 2
Turkish: jastɨk 1, jasta- 2
Tatar: jastɨq 1
Middle Turkic: jastuq 1 (AH) Uzbek: jɔstiq 1
Uighur: jastuq 1
Sary-Yughur: jastɨq 1
Azerbaidzhan: jassɨx (dial.) 1
Turkmen: jassɨq 1
Khakassian: častɨx 1, časta- 2
Shor: častɨq 1, časta- 2
Oyrat: jastɨq, d́astɨq 1
Halaj: jastuq 1
Chuvash: śɨdъr 1
Yakut: sɨttɨk 1, sɨtta- 2
Dolgan: hɨttɨk 1
Tuva: sɨrtɨq, sɨstɨq 1
Kirghiz: ǯazdɨq, ǯastɨq 1, ǯazda-, ǯasta- 2
Kazakh: žastɨq 1, žasta- 2
Noghai: jastɨq 1
Bashkir: jaɵtɨq 1
Balkar: ǯastɨq, zastɨq 1
Gagauz: jastɨq 1
Karaim: jastɨq 1
Karakalpak: dastɨq 1, žasta-, dasta- 2
Salar: jastux 1
Kumyk: jastɨq, jastuq 1
Comments: PT *ŕ is indicated by the Chuv. form and probably also (with rotacism) Tuva sɨrtɨk. Other forms for the most part reflect an assimilated *jaz-t- > *jast-. See VEWT 191, ЭСТЯ 4, 154-155, EDT 974, Stachowski 121. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sakta-n
Meaning: mat
Russian meaning: циновка
Ulcha: saqta(n)
Nanai: saqtã
Oroch: sakta(n)
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *sàt
Meaning: thin mat
Russian meaning: тонкая циновка
Modern Korean: sat [sas], sat-čari
Middle Korean: sàt
Comments: Nam 290, KED 906. In modern Korean mixed with the reflex of *sàs- 'bamboo chip', see *si̯úsa. koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *sitǝnia
Meaning: cushion
Russian meaning: подушка
Middle Japanese: sìtònè
Tokyo: shìtone
Kyoto: shítóné
Kagoshima: shitoné
Comments: JLTT 528. The reconstruction of accent here is uncertain: RJ and Kagoshima point to *sìtǝ̀nià, while both Kyoto and Tokyo - to *sítǝ́niá. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 961
Proto: *śäktV
English meaning: to plait (e. g. net)
German meaning: flechten, flicken (z.B. Netz)
Saam (Lapp): čik'te -vt- (N) 'mend (seine or other net); bend the front tip of (ski)', tjiktē- (L) 'Netze ausbessern, flicken; biegen, krümmen (die Bogenstangen des Zeltgestells)', t́š́ėk̄ta̮- (T), t́š́i̮χ̄tα- (Kld.), tši̮χ̄t̀α- (Ko. Not.) 'ausbessern (das Netz), T auch: Schlingen legen'
Udmurt (Votyak): śikt- (K) 'Bastschuh flechten', śiktal- (S K G) 'id., ausbessern, flicken'
Komi (Zyrian): śe̮ktal- (S), śekta.v (P) '(Bastschuhe) flechten, flicken', śȯ.ktal- 'stochern, flicken (Bastschuhe)'
Khanty (Ostyak): sȧt- (Trj. DN O) 'flicken (das Netz, Zugnetz)', (DN) 'Strümpfe stopfen')
Sammalahti's version: FP s'äkti-
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-samm2,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *sḳw-
Russian meaning: завязывать
English meaning: to tie (lace, etc.)
Georgian: sḳ(v)-
Megrel: sḳ(u)-, sḳv-, sku-, skv-
Svan: le-sḳw-er
Svan meaning (Rus.): веревка
Svan meaning (Eng.): rope
Laz: sḳv-, skv-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 164, EWK 302-303.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *saḳ-
Meaning: weave, plait
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-agw,afaset-dhl,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *saḳ-
Meaning: 'weave'
Hausa: sā́ḳà
Mupun: š/šaka [Mts]
Angas: sak [Fk]
Mangas: sake [Cs}
Burma: sákè [Kr N 429]
Buli: sag-ǝn [Cs N 174]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,wchet-gwn,wchet-ang,wchet-mng,wchet-brm,wchet-bul,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *sak-
Meaning: 'weave' 1, 'start plaiting' 2
Musgu: sa-saka 1 [??]
Zime-Batna: sák 2 [Sa]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-msg,cchet-zbt,
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Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :
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Proto-Agaw: *saḳ-
Meaning: 'plait, sew'1 , 'weave' 2
Bilin: saḳw- 1
Khamir: saḳ- 1
Qwara: sag- 1
Dembea: šag- 1
Qemant: saac- 2
Awiya (Aungi): sac-, sag- 1
agwet-prnum,agwet-meaning,agwet-bil,agwet-xmr,agwet-kwr,agwet-dmb,agwet-kem,agwet-aun,
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Dahalo etymology :
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Dahalo: sooḳ-
Meaning: 'twist'
dhlet-prnum,dhlet-meaning,
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