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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 159
Character: 外
MC description : 蟹合一去泰疑
ZIHUI: 1120 1131
Beijing: uai 3
Jinan: uɛ 3
Xi'an: ue 3
Taiyuan: vai 3
Hankou: uai 3
Chengdu: uai 3
Yangzhou: ue 3
Suzhou: ɦue_ 32 (lit.); ŋa_ 32
Wenzhou: va 32
Changsha: uai 32
Shuangfeng: ue 31
Nanchang: nai 32
Meixian: ŋuai 3
Guangzhou: ŋɔi 32
Xiamen: gue 32 (lit.); gua 32
Chaozhou: gua 32
Fuzhou: ŋuei 32
Shanghai: ŋa 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: uai 3
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 外
Modern (Beijing) reading: wài
Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋōts
Classic Old Chinese: ŋwāć
Western Han Chinese: ŋwāś
Eastern Han Chinese: ŋwāś
Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋwāś
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋwā̀j
Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋwā̀j
Middle Chinese: ŋwầj
English meaning : outside, external
Russian meaning[s]: 1) внешний, наружный; снаружи; периферия; вне, за, из-за; 2) сверх, ультра-; 3) заграница; заграничный, иностранный; внешние сношения; чужеземный; чужой, посторонний; 4) побочный; 5) родной (по женской линии); 6) левый; налево; 7) второстепенный; 8) непосвященный; 9) кроме, исключая
Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is ngoại. For *ŋ- cf. Min forms: Xiamen gua6, Chaozhou gua6, Fuzhou ŋui6, Jianou ŋüɛ6.
Radical: 36
Four-angle index: 1963
Vietnamese reading: ngoài
Jianchuan Bai: ŋua6-
Dali Bai: ua6-
Shijing occurrences: 40.2, 40.3
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ŋō (-t)
Meaning: exterior, face
Tibetan: ŋo, ŋos face, countenance, air, look.
Comments: PG *ŋoL forehead; Kham nā̀L; Almora (Byangsi) ŋo- face. Sh. 139.
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