Change viewing parameters
Select another database
Chinese Dialects :
Search within this database
Number: 1632
Character: 新
MC description : 臻開三平真心
ZIHUI: 2450 2136
Beijing: śin 11
Jinan: śiẽ 11
Xi'an: śiẽ 11
Taiyuan: śiŋ 1
Hankou: śin 11
Chengdu: śin 11
Yangzhou: śĩ 11
Suzhou: sin 11
Wenzhou: saŋ 11
Changsha: sin 11
Shuangfeng: śin 11
Nanchang: śin 11
Meixian: sin 11
Guangzhou: šan 11
Xiamen: sin 11
Chaozhou: siŋ 11
Fuzhou: siŋ 11
Shanghai: siŋ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: siǝn 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
Search within this database
Chinese characters :
Search within this database
Character: 新
Modern (Beijing) reading: xīn
Preclassic Old Chinese: sin
Classic Old Chinese: sin
Western Han Chinese: sjǝn
Eastern Han Chinese: sjǝn
Early Postclassic Chinese: sjin
Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjin
Late Postclassic Chinese: sjin
Middle Chinese: sjin
English meaning : be new
Russian meaning[s]: 1) обновлять; новый, свежий; только что; заново; современный; новорожденный; 2) новобрачный
Comments: In Viet. cf. also a more archaic loan: tin, tín 'news'.
Radical: 69
Four-angle index: 2004
Karlgren code: 0382 k-m
Vietnamese reading: tân
Jianchuan Bai: śĩ4
Dali Bai: śi5
Bijiang Bai: sẽ4
Shijing occurrences: 35.2, 35.3, 35.6, 43.1, 43.2
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,
Search within this database
Sino-Tibetan etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sĭn / *sĭŋ
Meaning: new
Tibetan: gśin good, fine (cf. also gsiŋ-ma 'a place overgrown with young grass')
Burmese: sać new, LB *[ś]ikx.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,
Search within this database
Sino-Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *c̣ä̆ŋʔV́
Meaning: new
Comments and references : HGC 21, WFR 82, LDC 38. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
Search within this database
North Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *c̣ä̆nʔV
Meaning: new
Proto-West Caucasian: *ć̣A Notes: One of the most widely spread common NC roots. It is adjectival, but usually does not have class prefixes (the situation in some Tsez. languages must therefore be considered as a secondary innovation). In Khin. the root is preserved within the compound c̣ɨ-nas 'bride' (see *nŭsA). Cf. Urart. š(V)-uɣǝ 'new' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 34-35).
See Trubetzkoy 1930, 275; Абдоков 1983, 142.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
Search within this database
Nakh etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Nakh: *c̣in-
Meaning: new
Chechen: c̣ina
Ingush: c̣ena
Batsbi: c̣inĭ
Comments: For the pure stem cf. Chech. c̣in-dan "to renew". The full form in PN shows vacillation between *c̣in-a(n) (Ing. c̣ena) and *c̣in-e(n) (Bacb. c̣inĭ); Chech. c̣ina may go back to either.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
Search within this database
Avar-Andian etymology :
Search within this database
Protoform: *c̣inhV-
Meaning: new
Avar: c̣íja-b
Chadakolob: č̣ija-b
Andian language: c̣iw
Akhvakh: č̣ĩ-da
Chamalal: c̣ĩw
Tindi: c̣ĩhu-b
Karata: c̣ijo-m
Botlikh: c̣ĩu
Bagvalal: c̣inu-b
Godoberi: c̣ĩju
Comments: Cf. also Kar. Arch., Anch. c̣ino-b, Tok. c̣inu-b.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
Search within this database
Tsezian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Tsezian: *-ɨc̣Vn- A
Meaning: new
Tsezi: ec̣no
Ginukh: ec̣endiju
Khvarshi: ec̣nu
Inkhokvari: ɨc̣nu
Bezhta: ic̣ijo
Gunzib: ɨ̃c̣c̣u
Comments: PTsKh *ʔɨc̣(ɨ)n-, PGB *-ɨ̃c̣- (*-ɨc̣n-).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
Search within this database
Lak etymology :
Search within this database
Lak root: c̣u-
Meaning: new
Lak form: c̣u-s:a
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
Search within this database
Dargwa etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Dargwa: *c̣i-
Meaning: new
Chiragh: c̣ize
Comments: Cf. also Kharb. c̣i-s:e 'new'.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,darget-comment,
Search within this database
Lezghian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *c̣enjä- / *c̣enwä-
Meaning: new
Lezghian: c̣iji
Tabasaran: c̣iji
Agul: c̣ajif
Rutul: c̣indɨ
Tsakhur: c̣edɨn
Kryz: c̣ijä
Archi: mac̣at:ut
Udi: ini
Comment: -j- and -w- are probably class suffixes (-w- postulated on basis of the Arch. form: *c̣enwä- > *c̣emä- > mac̣a-). The Udi form goes back to *c̣enjä- quite regularly, thus the assonance with Az. jeni is coincidental. See Бокарев 1961, 70; Гигинейшвили 1977, 100; Талибов 1980, 296.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
Search within this database
Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-West-Caucasian: *ć̣A
Meaning: 1 new 2 young 3 small, little
Abkhaz: a-č̣ǝ́-c 1
Abaza: č̣ǝ-c 1
Adyghe: c̣ǝ-ḳʷǝ 3
Kabardian: c̣ǝ-ḳʷ 3
Ubykh: ć̣a 1,2
Comments: PAT *ć̣ǝ-ćǝ 'new' - cf. Abkh. Bz. a-ć̣ǝ́ć. Historically this is probably a reduplication (with dissimilative loss of glottalisation in the second part). In the Abzh. dialect and in Abaz. the word was transformed to č̣ǝc under influence of another root, *č̣a q.v. The pure root *ć̣ǝ is preserved in Abkh. a-j-c̣-rá (Bz. a-j-ć̣-rá) 'to be younger, smaller', a-j-c̣-bá (Bz. a-j-ć̣-bá, Abaz. ajc̣ba) 'junior'. The AK languages preserve this root only within the compound *c̣ǝ-ḳʷǝ́ 'small, young, youngster' (c̣ǝ- regularly < *ć̣ǝ-; the precise meaning of the second component is not quite clear yet).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
Search within this database
Yenisseian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Yenisseian: *-saŋ
Meaning: to begin
Ket: bɛ́-śaŋ 'es beginnt', praet. bínśaŋ
Yug: bɛ́-saŋ, praet. bínsaŋ
Comments: Werner 1, 117 (w.r.)
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,
Search within this database
Long-range etymologies :
Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : CVNV
Meaning : new
Amerind (misc.) : ? *ti (rather *cV(n)) 'new' (R 504) [+ K], *c̣u(m) 'new; good' (R 505) [+ A] African (misc.) : Cf. Macro-Khoisan *zV[nV] "new". globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-afr,
Search within this database
Nostratic etymology :
Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *žVjŋV
Meaning: new, good
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,
Search within this database
Altaic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *zèjńa
Meaning: new
Russian meaning: новый
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 58-59, 283, Лексика 85. Cf. also WMong. saja, Kalm. sā 'newly' (KW 316), EAS 72, probably a variant of the same root with different vocalization. Turkic reflects an attributive form (*jeŋi < *jeń-ki); medial *-j- has to be reconstructed because of the loss of *-ń- in Kor. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
Search within this database
Turkic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *jaŋɨ / *jeŋi
Meaning: new
Russian meaning: новый
Old Turkic: jaŋɨ (Orkh., OUygh.)
Turkish: jeni
Tatar: jaŋa
Uzbek: jangụ
Uighur: jeŋi
Sary-Yughur: jaŋɨ
Azerbaidzhan: jeni
Turkmen: jaŋɨ 'just, recently'
Khakassian: nā
Oyrat: d́aŋɨ
Halaj: jäŋgi
Chuvash: śǝnǝ
Yakut: saŋa
Dolgan: haŋa; hiŋil 'young'
Tuva: čā
Tofalar: ńā̃
Kirghiz: ǯaŋɨ
Kazakh: žaŋa
Noghai: jaŋɨ
Bashkir: jaŋɨ
Balkar: žanɣɨ
Gagauz: jeni
Karaim: jɨŋgɨ
Karakalpak: žaŋa
Salar: jaŋɨ
Kumyk: jaŋɨ
Comments: VEWT 185 (Räsänen is deriving this word from *jān 'side' which is quite improbable), EDT 943-4, ЭСТЯ 4, 124-125, Лексика 85, Stachowski 96, 104. Turk. > MMo, WMong. ǯaŋgi, Kalm. zäŋǵǝ 'news' (KW 470; doubts about this borrowing in TMN 1, 281, based on the early attestation of the meaning "discussion" in Mong., are hardly founded). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
Search within this database
Mongolian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *sine
Meaning: new
Russian meaning: новый
Written Mongolian: sine (L 711) Middle Mongolian: šini (HY 6, SH), sīni (IM), šinä̆, šini (MA) Khalkha: šine
Buriat: šene
Kalmuck: šinǝ
Ordos: šine
Dongxian: šǝni, šɨni
Baoan: šine
Shary-Yoghur: šǝnǝ
Monguor: šǝni (SM 375), śinǝ Comments: KW 358, MGCD 717. Cf. also WMong. sene-r, Kalm. senr 'new, fresh' (KW 324). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
Search within this database
Tungus etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *seńe-
Meaning: raw, unripe
Russian meaning: сырой, недоспелый
Literary Manchu: seni-xun, seńe-xun
Comments: ТМС 2, 141. Attested only in Manchu, but having probable external parallels. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-man,tunget-reference,
Search within this database
Korean etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Korean: *sái
Meaning: new
Russian meaning: новый
Modern Korean: sä
Middle Korean: sái
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
Search within this database
Uralic etymology :
Search within this database
Number: 1016
Proto: *šeŋä
English meaning: good, healthy
German meaning: gut, gesund; ? gerade
Finnish: hyvä 'gut' ( > Saam. N hivve 'good fellow'), hyvin 'gut, wohl; sehr, ganz, recht'
Estonian: hea, hüva (Urfinn. *šüvä > Saam. K T šuvva 'gut; vortrefflich' [?])
Saam (Lapp): sâvve- -v- (N) 'heal (of wound, sore)', savvō-, savvu- (L) 'heilen, vernarben' ?
Mordovian: čiv (E) 'gut, tüchtig, brav', čiva, -ań (M) 'gastfreundlich'
Mari (Cheremis): šu (KB) 'gesund, frisch', (MRS) 'здоровье' ?
Udmurt (Votyak): šońer (S K G) 'gerade, recht, wahr' ?
Komi (Zyrian): šań (S V) 'gut, tüchtig; schön' ?
Hungarian: igen (dial. égen, ügön) 'ja; sehr' ?
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-ugr,
Search within this database
Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generated | Pages generated by this script | 338148 | 3183502 |
| Help
|
StarLing database server | Powered by | CGI scripts | Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin | ![](/images/harbour-button.gif) | Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov |
|