Chinese Dialects : List with all references

Number: 187

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 永

MC description : 梗合三上梗云

ZIHUI: 3057 2723

Beijing: yŋ 2

Jinan: yŋ 2

Xi'an: yŋ 2

Taiyuan: yŋ 2

Hankou: yn 2

Chengdu: yn 2

Yangzhou: iɔuŋ 2

Suzhou: ioŋ 2

Wenzhou: yoŋ 21

Changsha: yn 2

Shuangfeng: uǝn 2

Nanchang: yn 2

Meixian: jun 2

Guangzhou: uîŋ 22

Xiamen: îŋ 2

Chaozhou: ioŋ 21

Fuzhou: iŋ 2

Shanghai: ioŋ 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: iuŋ 2

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Chinese characters :

Character: 永

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: wraŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: wráŋ

Western Han Chinese: wráŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: wréŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: wéŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wéŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: wéŋ

Middle Chinese: wä́iŋ

English meaning : be perpetual, long lasting, forever

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вечный; навечно, навсегда; с отрицанием никогда; 2) продолжительный; постоянный; надолго

Shuowen gloss: 水長也.象水�理之長永也.詩曰.江之永矣.凡永之屬皆從永. [569]

Comments: For *w- cf. Min forms: Xiamen, Fuzhou iŋ³, Chaozhou ioŋ³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 5515

Karlgren code: 0764 a-f

Shijing occurrences: 3.2, 3.3, 9.1_, 9.2_, 9.3_, 39.4, 56.1, 56.2, 56.3

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *qʷăŋH (r-)

Meaning: distant, stretch

Chinese: 永 *wraŋʔ long, distant.

Tibetan: rgjaŋ distance; rgjoŋ (p. brgjaŋs, f. brgjan) to extend, stretch, spread; rkjoŋ (p., f. brkjaŋ) to stretch, extend.

Comments: Coblin 105. Cf. *qʷāŋH, *Kʷān.